Editing Intellectualism (section)

==Medieval theological intellectualism<!--'Medieval theological intellectualism' redirects here; linked from 'Averroes', 'Thomas Aquinas', and 'Meister Eckhart'-->==
'''Medieval theological intellectualism'''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA--> is a doctrine of divine action, wherein the faculty of [[intellect]] precedes, and is superior to, the faculty of the [[Will (philosophy)|will]] (''voluntas intellectum sequitur''). As such, intellectualism is contrasted with [[Voluntarism (philosophy)|voluntarism]], which proposes the will as superior to the intellect, and to the emotions; hence, the stance that "according to intellectualism, choices of the Will result from that which the intellect recognizes as good; the will, itself, is determined. For voluntarism, by contrast, it is the Will which identifies which objects are good, and the Will, itself, is indetermined".<ref name=IEP>{{cite web| url = http://www.iep.utm.edu/v/voluntar.htm | title = Voluntarism| publisher = Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> From that philosophical perspective and historical context, the Spanish [[Islam|Muslim]] polymath [[Averroës]] (1126–1198) in the 12th century, the English theologian [[Roger Bacon]],<ref name="The College 1948 p. ">{{cite book | title=The Heritage of the English-speaking Peoples and Their Responsibility: Addresses at the Conference : September 1947, Kenyon College | publisher=The College | year=1948 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6xJ8KbI1TkC&q=%22intellectualism%22+%22roger+bacon%22+%22emergence%22 | access-date=2023-06-27 | page=}}</ref> the Italian Christian theologian [[Thomas Aquinas]] (1225–1274), and the German Christian theologian [[Meister Eckhart]] (1260–1327) in the 13th century, are recognised intellectualists.<ref name=IEP/><ref>Jeremiah Hackett, ''A Companion to Meister Eckhart'', BRILL, 2012, p. 410.</ref>