Editing Intentional community (section)

== Synonyms and definitions {{anchor|Synonyms|Definitions}}==
Additional terms referring to an intentional community can be [[alternative lifestyle]], '''intentional society''', '''cooperative community''', '''withdrawn community''', '''enacted community''', '''socialist colony''', '''communistic society''', '''collective settlement''', '''communal society''', '''commune''', '''mutualistic community''', '''communitarian experiment''', '''experimental community''', '''utopian experiment''', '''practical utopia''', and '''utopian society'''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sargent |first1=Lyman Tower |title=The Three Faces of Utopianism Revisited |journal=Utopian Studies |date=1994 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1–37 |jstor=20719246 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20719246 |access-date=20 September 2021 |issn=1045-991X}}</ref>

The term '''utopian community''' as a synonym for an intentional community might be considered to be of pejorative nature and many intentional communities do not consider themselves to be utopian.<ref name=communal/> Also the alternative term '''commune'''{{efn|The word ''commune'' is originally a French word appearing in the 12th century from [[Medieval Latin]] ''[https://wiktionary.org/wiki/communis communia]'', meaning a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from [[Latin]] ''communis'', things held in common.<ref>[[Communes of France]]</ref>}} is considered to be non-neutral or even linked to [[leftist]] politics or [[hippies]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Obadia |first1=Julienne |title=Assembly by Aggregation: Making Individuals in the Face of Others in an American Intentional Community |journal=[[Anthropological Quarterly]] |date=2020 |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=1387–1420 |doi=10.1353/anq.2020.0016 |s2cid=226716773 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/757550 |access-date=21 September 2021 |issn=1534-1518|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Communal Idea in the 21st Century |date=28 September 2012 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |isbn=978-90-04-23625-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQozAQAAQBAJ |access-date=21 September 2021 |language=en |page=11 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahanty |first1=Shannon |title=Could you handle life in a commune? |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/london-commune-living-housing-co-op-b953403.html |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=[[Evening Standard]] |date=7 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Definitions of "intentional community"
|-
! Authorship !! Year !! Definition
|-
| B. Shenker || 1986 || ''"An intentional community is a relatively small group of people who have created a whole way of life for the attainment of a certain set of goals."''<ref name=communal/>
|-
| D. E. Pitzer || 1989 || Intentional communities are ''"small, voluntary social units partly isolated from the general society in which members share an economic union and lifestyle in an attempt to implement, at least in part, their ideal ideological, religious, political, social, economic, and educational systems"''.<ref name=pitzer/>
|-
| G. Kozeny || 1996 || ''"An 'intentional community' is a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose, working cooperatively to create a lifestyle that reflects their shared core values. The people may live together on a piece of rural land, in a suburban home, or in an urban neighborhood, and they may share a single residence or live in a cluster of dwellings."''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kozeny |first1=Geoph |title=Intentional Communities: Lifestyles Based on Ideals |journal=Community Catalyst Project, Fellowship for Intentional Community Online |date=1996 |url=https://articles-and-essays.s3.amazonaws.com/Intentional+community+/G-Kozeny-lifestyles-based-on-ideals.pdf |access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| W. J. Metcalf || 2004 || An intentional community is ''"[f]ive or more people, drawn from more than one family or kinship group, who have voluntarily come together for the purpose of ameliorating perceived social problems and inadequacies. They seek to live beyond the bounds of mainstream society by adopting a consciously devised and usually well thought-out social and cultural alternative. In the pursuit of their goals, they share significant aspects of their lives together. Participants are characterized by a "we-consciousness," seeing themselves as a continuing group, separate from and in many ways better than the society from which they emerged."''<ref name=mecalf/>
|}