Editing International HapMap Project (section)

== Samples used ==

[[Haplotypes]] are generally shared between populations, but their frequency can differ widely. Four populations were selected for inclusion in the HapMap: 30 adult-and-both-parents [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] trios from [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]] (YRI), 30 trios of Utah residents of northern and western [[European ethnic groups|European]] ancestry (CEU), 44 unrelated Japanese individuals from [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] (JPT) and 45 unrelated [[Han Chinese]] individuals from [[Beijing]], [[China]] (CHB). Although the haplotypes revealed from these populations should be useful for studying many other populations, parallel studies are currently examining the usefulness of including additional populations in the project.

All samples were collected through a community engagement process with appropriate informed consent. The community engagement process was designed to identify and attempt to respond to culturally specific concerns and give participating communities input into the informed consent and sample collection processes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rotimi|first1=Charles|last2=Leppert|first2=Mark|last3=Matsuda|first3=Ichiro|last4=Zeng|first4=Changqing|last5=Zhang|first5=Houcan|last6=Adebamowo|first6=Clement|last7=Ajayi|first7=Ike|last8=Aniagwu|first8=Toyin|last9=Dixon|first9=Missy|last10=Fukushima|first10=Yoshimitsu|last11=Macer|first11=Darryl|date=2007|title=Community Engagement and Informed Consent in the International HapMap Project|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/101761|journal=Public Health Genomics|language=english|volume=10|issue=3|pages=186–198|doi=10.1159/000101761|issn=1662-4246|pmid=17575464|s2cid=10844405|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In phase III, 11 global ancestry groups have been assembled: ASW (African ancestry in Southwest USA); CEU (Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection); CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China); CHD (Chinese in Metropolitan Denver, Colorado); GIH (Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas); JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan); LWK (Luhya in Webuye, Kenya); MEX (Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles, California); MKK (Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya); TSI (Tuscans in Italy); YRI (Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria).<ref name="HapMap2010">International HapMap consortium et al. (2010). Integrating common and rare genetic variation in diverse human populations. ''Nature'', '''467''', 52-8. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09298 doi]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Phase
! ID
! Place
! Population
! Detail
|-
|I/II
|CEU
|{{flagicon|USA}}
|[[Utah]] residents with [[Northern European|Northern]] and [[Western European]] ancestry from the [[Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH|CEPH]] collection
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NIGMS/Collections/CEPH-Resources Detail]
|-
|I/II
|CHB
|{{flagicon|CHN}}
|[[Han Chinese]] in [[Beijing]], [[China]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Han-Chinese-in-Beijing-China-CHB Detail]
|-
|I/II
|JPT
|{{flagicon|JPN}}
|[[Yamato people|Japanese]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Japanese-in-Tokyo-Japan-JPT Detail]
|-
|I/II
|YRI
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] in [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Yoruba-in-Ibadan-Nigeria-YRI Detail]
|-
|III
|ASW
|{{flagicon|USA}}
|[[African Americans|African ancestry]] in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest USA]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/African-Ancestry-in-SW-USA-ASW Detail]
|-
|III
|CHD
|{{flagicon|USA}}
|[[Chinese Americans|Chinese]] in [[metropolitan Denver]], [[Colorado|CO]], [[United States]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Chinese-in-Metropolitan-Denver-CO-USA-CHD Detail]
|-
|III
|GIH
|{{flagicon|USA}}
|[[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Indian Americans|Indians]] in [[Houston]], [[Texas|TX]], [[United States]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Gujarati-Indians-in-Houston-TX-USA-GIH Detail]
|-
|III
|LWK
|{{flagicon|KEN}}
|[[Luhya people|Luhya]] in [[Webuye]], [[Kenya]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Luhya-in-Webuye-Kenya-LWK Detail]
|-
|III
|MKK
|{{flagicon|KEN}}
|[[Maasai people|Maasai]] in [[Kinyawa]], [[Kenya]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Maasai-in-Kinyawa-Kenya-MKK Detail]
|-
|III
|MXL
|{{flagicon|USA}}
|[[Mexican Americans|Mexican ancestry]] in [[Los Angeles]], [[California|CA]], [[United States]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Mexican-Ancestry-in-Los-Angeles-CA-USA-MXL Detail]
|-
|III
|TSI
|{{flagicon|ITA}}
|[[Tuscany|Toscani]] in [[Italy|Italia]]
|[https://catalog.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/HapMap-Collections/Toscani-in-Italia-TSI Detail]
|}

Three combined panels have also been created, which allow better identification of SNPs in groups outside the nine homogenous samples: CEU+TSI (Combined panel of Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection and Tuscans in Italy); JPT+CHB (Combined panel of Japanese in Tokyo, Japan and Han Chinese in Beijing, China) and JPT+CHB+CHD (Combined panel of Japanese in Tokyo, Japan, Han Chinese in Beijing, China and Chinese in Metropolitan Denver, Colorado). CEU+TSI, for instance, is a better model of UK British individuals than is CEU alone.<ref name="HapMap2010"/>