Editing Internet Printing Protocol (section)

== Implementation ==
IPP is implemented using the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP) and inherits all of the HTTP streaming and security features.  For example, [[authorization]] can take place via HTTP's [[Digest access authentication]] mechanism, [[GSSAPI]], or any other HTTP authentication methods. [[Encryption]] is provided using the [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]] protocol-layer, either in the traditional always-on mode used by [[HTTPS]] or using the HTTP Upgrade extension to HTTP (RFC 2817<ref>{{Citation | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2817 | publisher = IETF | rfc = 2817 | title = Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1}}</ref>).  [[Public key certificates]] can be used for authentication with TLS. Streaming is supported using HTTP chunking. The document to be printed is usually sent as a data stream. 

IPP accommodates various formats for documents to be printed. {{Anchor|PWG_Raster}}The [[Printer Working Group|PWG]] defined an image format called '''PWG Raster''' specifically for this purpose. Other formats include [[PDF]] or [[JPEG]], depending on the capabilities of the destination printer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CUPSDriverlessPrinting|url=https://wiki.debian.org/CUPSDriverlessPrinting#PDLs_for_Driverless_Printing|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031121709/https://wiki.debian.org/CUPSDriverlessPrinting#PDLs_for_Driverless_Printing|archive-date=2021-10-31|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Debian Wiki}}</ref>

IPP uses the traditional client–server model, with clients sending IPP request messages with the [[MIME]] media type "application/ipp" in HTTP POST requests to an IPP printer. IPP request messages consist of key–value pairs using a custom binary encoding followed by an "end of attributes" tag and any document data required for the request (such as the document to be printed). The IPP response is sent back to the client in the HTTP POST response, again using the "application/ipp" MIME media type.

Among other things, IPP allows a client to:

* query a printer's capabilities (such as supported character sets, media types and document formats)
* submit print jobs to a printer
* query the status of a printer
* query the status of one or more print jobs
* cancel previously submitted jobs

IPP uses [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]] with port 631 as its [[well-known port]].

Products using the Internet Printing Protocol include Universal Print from Microsoft,<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://print.microsoft.com
|title=Universal Print from Microsoft
|publisher=Microsoft
|access-date=2023-05-18
}}</ref> [[CUPS]] (which is part of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[Mac OS X|macOS]] and many [[BSD]] and [[Linux]] distributions and is the reference implementation for most versions of IPP <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.pwg.org/ipp/
|title=Internet Printing Protocol
|publisher=Printer Working Group
|access-date=2013-11-20
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112042156/http://www.pwg.org/ipp
|archive-date=2010-01-12
|url-status=live
}} The language "CUPS Software (IPP Reference Implementation)" appeared on this page since a point
between 1 September 2009 and 12 January 2010, though no mention of a reference implementation
is found in the published standard.</ref>), [[Novell]] [[iPrint]], and [[Microsoft Windows]] versions starting from [[Microsoft|MS]] [[Windows 2000]].<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/techinfo/overview/internetprint.mspx
|title=Effectively Using IPP Printing
|publisher=Microsoft
|date=April 8, 2003
|access-date=2009-09-06}}</ref> [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Server 2003]] offer IPP printing via [[HTTPS]]. [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2462380
|title=The Internet Printing Client (IPP) is not available in Windows 7 Starter Edition
|publisher=Microsoft
|date=November 17, 2010
|access-date=2012-10-02}}</ref> [[Windows Server 2008]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2|2008 R2]] also support IPP printing over [[Remote procedure call|RPC]] in the "Medium-Low" [[security zone]].