Editing Internet service provider (section)

===Net neutrality===
{{Main|Net neutrality in the United States}}{{Globalize|date=April 2024|2=US|section}}
On 23 April 2014, the U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule permitting ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier [[net neutrality]] position.<ref name="NYT-20140423">{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=F.C.C., in 'Net Neutrality' Turnaround, Plans to Allow Fast Lane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technology/fcc-new-net-neutrality-rules.html |date=23 April 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=23 April 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614203434/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technology/fcc-new-net-neutrality-rules.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140424a">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Creating a Two-Speed Internet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/25/opinion/creating-a-two-speed-internet.html |date=24 April 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614195056/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/25/opinion/creating-a-two-speed-internet.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140511">{{cite news |last=Carr |first=David |title=Warnings Along F.C.C.'s Fast Lane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/12/business/media/warnings-along-fccs-fast-lane.html |date=11 May 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 May 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614201000/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/12/business/media/warnings-along-fccs-fast-lane.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be [[municipal broadband]], according to [[Susan P. Crawford|Professor Susan Crawford]], a legal and technology expert at [[Harvard Law School]].<ref name="NYT-20140428">{{cite news |last=Crawford |first=Susan |author-link=Susan P. Crawford |title=The Wire Next Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/opinion/the-wire-next-time.html |date=28 April 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=28 April 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614203549/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/opinion/the-wire-next-time.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a [[telecommunications]] service, thereby preserving net neutrality.<ref name="NYT-20140515a">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Searching for Fairness on the Internet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/opinion/searching-for-fairness-on-the-internet.html |date=15 May 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614194942/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/opinion/searching-for-fairness-on-the-internet.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140515b">{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=F.C.C. Backs Opening Net Rules for Debate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/technology/fcc-road-map-to-net-neutrality.html |date=15 May 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614203415/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/technology/fcc-road-map-to-net-neutrality.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 November 2014, President [[Barack Obama]] recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality.<ref name="NYT-20141110-EW">{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=Obama Asks F.C.C. to Adopt Tough Net Neutrality Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/technology/obama-net-neutrality-fcc.html |date=10 November 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114230550/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/technology/obama-net-neutrality-fcc.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20141114">{{cite news |author=NYT Editorial Board |title=Why the F.C.C. Should Heed President Obama on Internet Regulation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/15/opinion/why-the-fcc-should-heed-president-obama-on-internet-regulations.html |date=14 November 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115023705/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/15/opinion/why-the-fcc-should-heed-president-obama-on-internet-regulations.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WRD-20150121-DAS">{{cite web |last=Sepulveda |first=Ambassador Daniel A. |title=The World Is Watching Our Net Neutrality Debate, So Let's Get It Right |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/01/on-net-nuetrality-internet-freedom/ |date=21 January 2015 |work=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-date=22 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122002922/http://www.wired.com/2015/01/on-net-nuetrality-internet-freedom/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 January 2015, [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] presented legislation, in the form of a [[U.S. Congress]] [[United States House of Representatives|H.R.]] [[List of bills in the 114th United States Congress|discussion draft bill]], that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers.<ref name="NYT-20150120-JW">{{cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |title=Shifting Politics of Net Neutrality Debate Ahead of F.C.C.Vote |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/technology/shifting-politics-of-net-neutrality-debate-ahead-of-fcc-vote.html |date=19 January 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614203508/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/technology/shifting-politics-of-net-neutrality-debate-ahead-of-fcc-vote.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HG-20150116">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=H. R. _ 114th Congress, 1st Session [Discussion Draft] - To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to ensure Internet openness... |url=http://energycommerce.house.gov/sites/republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/files/114/BILLS-114hr-PIH-OpenInternet.pdf |date=16 January 2015 |work=[[U.S. Congress]] |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713125711/http://energycommerce.house.gov/sites/republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/files/114/BILLS-114hr-PIH-OpenInternet.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> On 31 January 2015, [[AP News]] reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying ("with some caveats") [[Common carrier#Telecommunications|Title II (common carrier)]] of the [[Communications Act of 1934]] to the Internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015.<ref name="NYT-20150202a">{{cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |title=In Net Neutrality Push, F.C.C. Is Expected to Propose Regulating Internet Service as a Utility |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/technology/in-net-neutrality-push-fcc-is-expected-to-propose-regulating-the-internet-as-a-utility.html |date=2 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-date=3 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203020455/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/technology/in-net-neutrality-push-fcc-is-expected-to-propose-regulating-the-internet-as-a-utility.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150202b">{{cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |title=F.C.C. Chief Wants to Override State Laws Curbing Community Net Services |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/f-c-c-chief-wants-to-override-state-laws-curbing-community-net-services/ |date=2 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-date=3 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203015750/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/f-c-c-chief-wants-to-override-state-laws-curbing-community-net-services/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AP-20150131">{{cite news |last=Flaherty |first=Anne |title=Just whose Internet is it? New federal rules may answer that |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150131/us--net_neutrality-news_guide-c235cbd2b9.html |date=31 January 2015 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=31 January 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001057/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150131/us--net_neutrality-news_guide-c235cbd2b9.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WP-20150102">{{cite news |last=Fung |first=Brian |title=Get ready: The FCC says it will vote on net neutrality in February |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2015/01/02/get-ready-the-fcc-says-itll-vote-on-net-neutrality-in-february/ |date=2 January 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102225724/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2015/01/02/get-ready-the-fcc-says-itll-vote-on-net-neutrality-in-february/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AP-20150102">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=FCC to vote next month on net neutrality rules |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150103/us-fcc-net-neutrality-d8f89ffc53.html |date=2 January 2015 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042904/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150103/us-fcc-net-neutrality-d8f89ffc53.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Adoption of this notion would reclassify Internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications<ref name="NYT-20150204">{{cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |title=F.C.C. Plans Strong Hand to Regulate the Internet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/technology/fcc-wheeler-net-neutrality.html |date=4 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=5 February 2015 |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718092613/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/technology/fcc-wheeler-net-neutrality.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and, according to [[Tom Wheeler]], chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality.<ref name="WRD-20150204">{{cite magazine |last=Wheeler |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Wheeler |title=FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler: This Is How We Will Ensure Net Neutrality |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/02/fcc-chairman-wheeler-net-neutrality |date=4 February 2015 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=5 February 2015 |archive-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204224727/http://www.wired.com/2015/02/fcc-chairman-wheeler-net-neutrality/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150206">{{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title=Courage and Good Sense at the F.C.C. - Net Neutrality's Wise New Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/06/opinion/net-neutralitys-wise-new-rules.html |date=6 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=6 February 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614200952/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/06/opinion/net-neutralitys-wise-new-rules.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The FCC was expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="NYT-20150224">{{cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |title=As Republicans Concede, F.C.C. Is Expected to Enforce Net Neutrality |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/25/technology/path-clears-for-net-neutrality-ahead-of-fcc-vote.html |date=24 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 February 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614200945/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/25/technology/path-clears-for-net-neutrality-ahead-of-fcc-vote.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150225">{{cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |title=The Push for Net Neutrality Arose From Lack of Choice |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/26/technology/limited-high-speed-internet-choices-underlie-net-neutrality-rules.html |date=25 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=25 February 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614194456/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/26/technology/limited-high-speed-internet-choices-underlie-net-neutrality-rules.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting [[Common carrier#Telecommunications|Title II (common carrier)]] of the [[Communications Act of 1934]] and [[Telecommunications policy of the United States#Broadband deployment policy objectives|Section 706 in the Telecommunications Act of 1996]] to the Internet.<ref name="FCC-20150226">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=FCC Adopts Strong, Sustainable Rules To Protect The Open Internet |url=http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2015/db0226/DOC-332260A1.pdf |date=26 February 2015 |work=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |access-date=26 February 2015 |archive-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312162446/http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2015/db0226/DOC-332260A1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150226">{{cite news |last1=Ruiz |first1=Rebecca R. |last2=Lohr |first2=Steve |title=In Net Neutrality Victory, F.C.C. Classifies Broadband Internet Service as a Public Utility |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/technology/net-neutrality-fcc-vote-internet-utility.htm |date=26 February 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=26 February 2015 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414181129/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/technology/net-neutrality-fcc-vote-internet-utility.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AP-20150225">{{cite news |last=Flaherty |first=Anne |title=FACT CHECK: Talking heads skew 'net neutrality' debate |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150225/us--net_neutrality-fact_check-e30cfb560f.html |date=25 February 2015 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=26 February 2015 |archive-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227142926/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20150225/us--net_neutrality-fact_check-e30cfb560f.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The FCC Chairman, [[Tom Wheeler]], commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the [[First Amendment]] is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."<ref name="HP-20150226">{{cite news |last=Liebelson |first=Dana |title=Net Neutrality Prevails In Historic FCC Vote |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/26/net-neutrality-fcc-vote_n_6761702.html |date=26 February 2015 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=27 February 2015 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615181906/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/26/net-neutrality-fcc-vote_n_6761702.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules.<ref name="NYT-20150312a">{{cite news |last=Ruiz |first=Rebecca R. |title=F.C.C. Sets Net Neutrality Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/technology/fcc-releases-net-neutrality-rules.html |date=12 March 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614194803/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/technology/fcc-releases-net-neutrality-rules.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150312b">{{cite news |last=Sommer |first=Jeff |title=What the Net Neutrality Rules Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/12/technology/net-neutrality-rules-explained.html |date=12 March 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622052332/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/12/technology/net-neutrality-rules-explained.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FCC-20150315">{{cite web |author=FCC Staff |title=Federal Communications Commission - FCC 15-24 - In the Matter of Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet - GN Docket No. 14-28 - Report and Order on Remand, Declaratory Ruling, and Order |url=http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2015/db0312/FCC-15-24A1.pdf |date=12 March 2015 |work=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=12 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312200613/http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2015/db0312/FCC-15-24A1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "[[Net neutrality in the United States|Net Neutrality]]" regulations.<ref name="CNET-20150413">{{cite web |last=Reisinger |first=Don |title=Net neutrality rules get published -- let the lawsuits begin |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/fccs-net-neutrality-rules-hit-federal-register-lawsuit-underway/ |date=13 April 2015 |work=[[CNET]] |access-date=13 April 2015 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414060656/http://www.cnet.com/news/fccs-net-neutrality-rules-hit-federal-register-lawsuit-underway/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FR-20150413">{{cite web |author=Federal Communications Commission |author-link=Federal Communications Commission |title=Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet - A Rule by the Federal Communications Commission on 04/13/2015 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/04/13/2015-07841/protecting-and-promoting-the-open-internet |date=13 April 2015 |work=[[Federal Register]] |access-date=13 April 2015 |archive-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502021951/https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/04/13/2015-07841/protecting-and-promoting-the-open-internet |url-status=live }}</ref> These rules went into effect on 12 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Open Internet |url=https://www.fcc.gov/openinternet |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]]|date=2017-06-12|access-date=2017-11-29|archive-date=2015-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615044837/https://www.fcc.gov/openinternet|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Upon becoming FCC chairman in April 2017, [[Ajit Pai]] proposed an end to net neutrality, awaiting votes from the commission.<ref name="NYT-20170429">{{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title=F.C.C. Invokes Internet Freedom While Trying to Kill It |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/opinion/sunday/fcc-invokes-internet-freedom-while-trying-to-kill-it.html |date=29 April 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=29 April 2017 |archive-date=29 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429184910/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/opinion/sunday/fcc-invokes-internet-freedom-while-trying-to-kill-it.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CNET-20170502">{{cite news |last=Reardon |first=Marguerite |title=Net neutrality redux: The battle for an open net continues – The Republican-led FCC is starting to roll back net neutrality rules. Here's what you need to know. |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/net-neutrality-redux-the-battle-for-an-open-net-continues |date=2 May 2017 |work=[[CNET]] |access-date=2 May 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502162043/https://www.cnet.com/news/net-neutrality-redux-the-battle-for-an-open-net-continues/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 21 November 2017, Pai announced that a vote will be held by FCC members on 14 December 2017 on whether to repeal the policy.<ref name="WP-20171121">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/11/21/the-fcc-has-unveiled-its-plan-to-rollback-its-net-neutrality-rules/|title=FCC plan would give Internet providers power to choose the sites customers see and use|first=Brian|last=Fung|date=21 November 2017|access-date=21 November 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121173043/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/11/21/the-fcc-has-unveiled-its-plan-to-rollback-its-net-neutrality-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 June 2018, the repeal of the FCC's network neutrality rules took effect.<ref name=nyt-repealed>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/technology/net-neutrality-repeal.html |title=The Net Neutrality Repeal Is Official |first=Keith |last=Collins |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=11 June 2018 |access-date=25 January 2019 |archive-date=25 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125203954/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/technology/net-neutrality-repeal.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Koning |first1=Kendall J. |last2=Yankelevich |first2=Aleksandr |date=2018-10-01 |title=From internet "Openness" to "Freedom": How far has the net neutrality pendulum swung? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095717871730228X |journal=Utilities Policy |language=en |volume=54 |pages=37–45 |doi=10.1016/j.jup.2018.07.004 |bibcode=2018UtPol..54...37K |s2cid=158428437 |access-date=2022-09-08 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901032905/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095717871730228X |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>