Editing Islam in Pakistan (section)

===Before independence ===
{{See also|Pakistan Movement}}

Islam had reached the [[Indian subcontinent]] during the lifetime of [[Muhammad]]. According to a tradition, [[Baba Ratan Hindi]] was a trader from [[Punjab]] who was one of the non-Arab [[Sahabah|companions of Muhammad]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-2lR4XaTgwC&q=baba+ratan+hindi&pg=PA50|title=India and Indonesia: General Perspectives|isbn=9004083650|last1=Heesterman|first1=J. C.|year=1989|publisher=BRILL }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Köprülü |first=Mehmet Fuat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_v6IWkCLnEwC&dq=baba+ratan&pg=PA79 |title=Early Mystics in Turkish Literature |date=2006 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-36686-1 |pages=79 |language=en}}</ref> In 644 AD, the [[Rashidun caliphate]] conquered Makran after defeating the kingdom of Sindh in the [[battle of Rasil]]. According to Derryl N. Maclean, a link between Sindh and early partisans of Ali or proto-Shi'ites can be traced to Hakim ibn Jabalah al-Abdi who traveled across Sind to [[Makran]] in the year 649 AD and presented a report on the area to the Caliph.<ref>M. Ishaq, "Hakim Bin Jabala – An Heroic Personality of Early Islam", Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, pp. 145–50, (April 1955).</ref> During the [[Caliphate]] of Ali, [[Sindhi Hindus|many Hindus of Sindh]] had come under influence of Islam and some even participated in the [[Battle of Camel]]. In 712 CE, a young Arab general [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] conquered most of the [[Indus River|Indus]] region for the [[Caliphate|Caliphal]] empire, to be made the "As-Sindh" province with its capital at Al-[[Mansura, Sindh|Mansurah]].<ref name="Information of Pakistan">{{cite web |url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/History.aspx |title=History in Chronological Order |publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan |access-date=15 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723113602/http://infopak.gov.pk/History.aspx |archive-date=23 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/735610/figuring-qasim-how-pakistan-was-won |title=Figuring Qasim: How Pakistan was won |publisher=Dawn|access-date=19 February 2015|date=2012-07-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1175127/the-first-pakistani |title=The first Pakistani? |publisher=Dawn|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1098562/muhammad-bin-qasim-predator-or-preacher |title=Muhammad Bin Qasim: Predator or preacher? |publisher=Dawn|access-date=19 February 2015|date=2014-04-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/721012/the-curious-case-of-dressing-up-an-8th-century-arab-as-the-true-founder-of-pakistan|title=Why some in Pakistan want to replace Jinnah as the founder of the country with an 8th century Arab|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en-US}}</ref> The Pakistan government's official chronology claims this as the time when the foundation of Pakistan was laid.<ref name="Information of Pakistan"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1125484 |title=What is the most blatant lie taught through Pakistan textbooks? |author=Rubina Saigol |year=2014 |publisher=Herald|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1164469 |title=A case for Gandhara |author=Shazia Rafi |year=2015 |publisher=Dawn|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> By the end of the 10th century CE, the region was ruled by several [[Hindu Shahi]] kings who would be subdued by the [[Ghaznavids]].
[[File:PK Thatta asv2020-02 img01 Shah Jahan Mosque.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta]] was patronized by the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]].]]
The early medieval period (642–1219&nbsp;CE) witnessed the spread of [[Islam]] in the region. During this period, [[Sufi]] [[Dawah|missionaries]] played a pivotal role in converting a majority of the regional Buddhist and Hindu population to Islam.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ira Marvin Lapidus |title=A history of Islamic societies |url=https://archive.org/details/historyislamicso00lapi |url-access=limited |year=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyislamicso00lapi/page/n205 382]–384}}</ref> These developments set the stage for the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|rule of several successive Muslim empires]] in the region, including the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]] (975–1187&nbsp;CE), the [[Ghorid]] Kingdom, and the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (1206–1526&nbsp;CE). The [[Lodi dynasty]], the last of the Delhi Sultanate, was replaced by the [[Mughal Empire]] (1526–1857&nbsp;CE).
[[File:Weeks Edwin Lord An Open-Air Restaurant Lahore.jpg|thumb|right|A painting by [[Edwin Lord Weeks]] c. 1889 of the marketplace near [[Wazir Khan Mosque]]]]