Editing Ivrea (section)

== History ==

Ivrea and its surroundings have been inhabited since the [[Neolithic Italy|Neolithic]] era; the [[Celts]] are believed to have had a village in Ivrea from around the 5th century BC. However, the town first officially appears in history as an outpost of the [[Roman Republic]] founded in 100 BC, probably built to guard one of the traditional invasion routes into northern Italy over the [[Alps]]. Its [[Latin]] name was ''Eporedia''.

After the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]], Ivrea became the seat of a duchy under the [[Lombards]] (6th-8th centuries). Under the [[Franks]] (9th century), Ivrea was a county capital. In the year 1001, after a period of disputes with bishop [[Warmund]], ruler of the city, [[Arduin of Ivrea|Arduin]] conquered the [[March of Ivrea]]. Later he became King of Italy and began a dynasty that lasted until the 11th century, when the city fell again under the bishops' sovereignty.

In the 12th century, Ivrea became a [[Italian city-states|free comune]], but succumbed in the first decades of the following century to the rule of Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]. Later, Ivrea was disputed between the bishops, the [[marquisate of Monferrato]] and the [[House of Savoy]].

In 1356, Ivrea was acquired by [[Amadeus VI of Savoy]]. With the exception of the brief French conquest at the end of the 16th century, Ivrea remained under the House of Savoy until 1800. It was a subsidiary title of the king of Sardinia, although the only Marquis of Ivrea was [[Benedetto of Savoy]] (who later fought in the [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary wars]]). On May 26, 1800, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] entered the city along with his victorious troops, establishing control that ended in 1814 after his fall.

During the 20th century, its primary claim to fame was as the base of operations for [[Olivetti]], a manufacturer of [[typewriter]]s, mechanical [[calculator]]s and, later, [[computer]]s.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/28/t-magazine/olivetti-typewriters-ivrea-italy.html Utopia, Abandoned] The New York Times, 2019</ref> The Olivetti company no longer has an independent existence, though its name still appears as a registered trademark on office equipment manufactured by others. In 1970, about 90,000 people, including commuters from Southern Italy, lived and worked in the Ivrea area.{{Citation needed|date=July 2012}}

The [[Arduino]] electronic platform was created at the [[Interaction Design Institute Ivrea]],<ref>{{ cite journal| last = Lahart| first = Justin| title = Taking an Open-Source Approach to Hardware| journal = [[The Wall Street Journal]]| date = 2009-11-27| url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703499404574559960271468066| access-date = 2012-03-24}}<!--https://www.proquest.com/docview/399068443--></ref> and takes its name from a bar named after the historical figure of [[Arduin of Italy]]. UNESCO, when it designated the city a World Heritage Site, said that it "expresses a modern vision of the relationship between industrial production and architecture."<ref name=":0" />