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Jacques Derrida
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==Career== During the [[Algerian War of Independence]] of 1954–1962, Derrida asked to teach soldiers' children in lieu of military service, teaching French and English from 1957 to 1959.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} Following the war, from 1960 to 1964, Derrida taught philosophy at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]], where he was an assistant of [[Suzanne Bachelard]] (daughter of [[Gaston Bachelard]]), [[Georges Canguilhem]], [[Paul Ricœur]] (who in these years coined the term ''[[hermeneutics of suspicion]]''), and [[Jean Wahl]].<ref>Bennington (1991), p. 330.</ref> His wife, Marguerite, gave birth to their first child, [[Pierre Alféri|Pierre]], in 1963. In 1964, on the recommendation of [[Louis Althusser]] and [[Jean Hyppolite]], Derrida got a permanent teaching position at the ENS, which he kept until 1984.<ref name="Powell06p34-5"/><ref name="Powell06p58"/> In 1965 Derrida began an association with the ''[[Tel Quel]]'' group of literary and philosophical theorists, which lasted for seven years.<ref name="Powell06p58">Powell (2006), p. 58.</ref> Derrida's subsequent distance from the ''Tel Quel'' group, after 1971, was connected to his reservations about their embrace of [[Maoism]] and of the Chinese [[Cultural Revolution]].<ref>Leslie Hill, ''The Cambridge Introduction to Jacques Derrida'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 55.</ref> With "[[Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences]]", his contribution to a 1966 colloquium on [[structuralism]] at [[Johns Hopkins University]], his work began to gain international prominence. At the same colloquium Derrida would meet [[Jacques Lacan]] and [[Paul de Man]], the latter an important interlocutor in the years to come.<ref>Jacques Derrida and Geoffrey Bennington, ''Jacques Derrida'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, p. 331</ref> A second son, Jean, was born in 1967. In the same year, Derrida published his first three books—''[[Writing and Difference]]'', ''[[Speech and Phenomena]]'', and ''[[Of Grammatology]]''. In 1980, he received his first [[honorary doctorate]] (from [[Columbia University]]) and was awarded his [[State doctorate]] (''doctorat d'État'') by submitting to the [[University of Paris]] ten of his previously published books in conjunction with a defense of his intellectual project under the title "L'inscription de la philosophie : Recherches sur l'interprétation de l'écriture" ("Inscription in Philosophy: Research on the Interpretation of Writing").<ref name="Schrift p. 120"/><ref name="Powell p. 145">Powell (2006), p. 145.</ref> The text of Derrida's defense was based on an abandoned draft [[doctoral thesis]] he had prepared in 1957 under the direction of [[Jean Hyppolite]] at the ENS entitled "The Ideality of the Literary Object"<ref name="Powell p. 145"/> ("L'idéalité de l'objet littéraire");<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120211225423/http://www.leseditionsdeminuit.com/f/index.php?sp=livAut&auteur_id=1522 Jacques Derrida – Editions de Minuit]</ref> his 1980 dissertation was subsequently published in English translation as "The Time of a Thesis: Punctuations". In 1983 Derrida collaborated with [[Ken McMullen (film director)|Ken McMullen]] on the film ''[[Ghost Dance (film)|Ghost Dance]]''. Derrida appears in the film as himself and also contributed to the script. Derrida traveled widely and held a series of visiting and permanent positions. Derrida became full professor ({{lang|fr|[[directeur d'études]]}}) at the |[[École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales]] in Paris from 1984 (he had been elected at the end of 1983).<ref name="Powell p. 145"/> With [[François Châtelet]] and others he in 1983 co-founded the [[Collège international de philosophie]] (CIPH; 'International college of philosophy'), an institution intended to provide a location for philosophical research which could not be carried out elsewhere in the academia. He was elected as its first president. In 1985 [[Sylviane Agacinski]] gave birth to Derrida's third child, Daniel.<ref name="Guardian20041011">[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/oct/11/guardianobituaries.france "Obituary: Jacques Derrida"], by Derek Attridge and Thomas Baldwin, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 11 October 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2010.</ref> On 8 May 1985, Derrida was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], to Class IV – Humanities, Section 3 -Criticism and Philology.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |title=Members Elected May 8, 1985 |journal=Records of the Academy |date=1985 |issue=1984/1985 |page=51 |jstor=3785759}}</ref> In 1986 Derrida became Professor of the Humanities at the [[University of California, Irvine]], where he taught until shortly before his death in 2004. His papers were filed in the university archives. When Derrida's colleague, Dragan Kujundzic, was accused of sexual assault, Derrida wrote a letter to then-Chancellor Cicerone saying "if the scandalous procedure" against Kujundzic was not "interrupted or cancelled," he would end all his "relations with UCI." Regarding his archival papers, there would be "another consequence: since I never take back what I have given, my papers would of course remain the property of UCI and the Special Collections department of the library. However, it goes without saying that the spirit in which I contributed to the constitution of these archives (which is still underway and growing every year) would have been seriously damaged. Without renouncing my commitments, I would regret having made them and would reduce their fulfillment to the barest minimum."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Derrida |first1=Jacques |title=Letter from Jacques Derrida to Ralph J. Cicerone, then Chancellor of UCI. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523062430/http://jacques-derrida.org/Cicerone.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=23 May 2010 |url=http://jacques-derrida.org/Cicerone.html|website=jacques-derrida.org |access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> After Derrida's death, his widow and sons said they wanted copies of UCI's archives shared with the Institute of Contemporary Publishing Archives in France. The university had sued in an attempt to get manuscripts and correspondence from Derrida's widow and children that it believed the philosopher had promised to UC Irvine's collection, although it dropped the suit in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.continental-philosophy.org/2007/02/15/uc-irvine-drops-suit-over-derridas-personal-papers/ |author=Farhang Erfani |date=February 15, 2007 |title=UC Irvine drops suit over Derrida's personal papers |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520021511/http://www.continental-philosophy.org/2007/02/15/uc-irvine-drops-suit-over-derridas-personal-papers/}}</ref> Derrida was a regular visiting professor at several other major American and European universities, including [[Johns Hopkins University]], [[Yale University]], [[New York University]], [[Stony Brook University]], [[The New School for Social Research]], and [[European Graduate School]].<ref>[https://egs.edu/biography/jacques-derrida/ Jacques Derrida Former Professor of Media Philosophy at The European Graduate School / EGS.]</ref> He was awarded honorary doctorates by the [[University of Cambridge]] (1992), [[Columbia University]], [[The New School for Social Research]], the [[University of Essex]], [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]], the [[University of Silesia]], the [[University of Coimbra]], the [[University of Athens]], and many others around the world. In 2001, he received the [[:De:Theodor-W.-Adorno-Preis|Adorno-Preis]] from the [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main|University of Frankfurt]]. Derrida's honorary degree at Cambridge was protested by leading philosophers in the analytic tradition. Philosophers including [[Willard Van Orman Quine|Quine]], [[Ruth Barcan Marcus|Marcus]], and [[David Malet Armstrong|Armstrong]] wrote a letter to the university objecting that "Derrida's work does not meet accepted standards of clarity and rigour," and "Academic status based on what seems to us to be little more than semi-intelligible attacks upon the values of reason, truth, and scholarship is not, we submit, sufficient grounds for the awarding of an honorary degree in a distinguished university".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digressionsnimpressions.typepad.com/digressionsimpressions/2016/03/the-letter-against-derridas-honorary-degree.html |title=The Letter against Derrida's Honorary Degree, re-examined |access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref> Late in his life, Derrida participated in making two biographical documentaries, ''D'ailleurs, Derrida'' (''Derrida's Elsewhere'') by [[Safaa Fathy]] (1999),<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0356496/ IMDb] {{full citation needed|date=September 2023}}</ref> and ''[[Derrida (film)|Derrida]]'' by [[Kirby Dick]] and Amy Ziering Kofman (2002).<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0303326/ IMDb] {{full citation needed|date=September 2023}}</ref> {{anchor|Debate with Jean Baudrillard}}On 19 February 2003, with the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] impending, {{ill|René Major|fr|René Major}} moderated a debate entitled "Pourquoi La Guerre Aujourd'hui?" [[Jean Baudrillard#Debate with Jacques Derrida|between Derrida and Jean Baudrillard]], co-hosted by ''Major's Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychoanalysis'' and ''[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]''. The debate discussed the relation between terrorist attacks and the invasion.<ref name='Guerre'>{{cite journal |id={{Project MUSE|666299}} |last1=Brennan |first1=Eugene |title=Pourquoi la guerre aujourd'hui? by Jean Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida (review) |journal=French Studies: A Quarterly Review |date=2017 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=449 |doi=10.1093/fs/knx092}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vincent B. Leitch reviews Jean Baudrillard and Jacques Derrida, Pourquoi la Guerre Aujourd'hui? |website=Critical Inquiry |url=https://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/vincent_b._leitch_reviews_baudrillard_and_derrida |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328160748/https://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/vincent_b._leitch_reviews_baudrillard_and_derrida |archive-date=28 March 2021}}</ref>
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