Editing Jane Addams (section)

==Settlement house==
Meanwhile, Addams gathered inspiration from what she read. Fascinated by the early Christians and Tolstoy's book ''[[s:My Religion|My Religion]]'', she was baptized a Christian in the Cedarville Presbyterian Church in the summer of 1886.<ref>She was baptized a [[Presbyterian]]. Her certificate of baptism is from 1888, but she says that she joined the church slightly earlier: {{cite book|last=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|date= 2003|page=[https://archive.org/details/educationofjanea00brow/page/451 451n46]|isbn=978-0-8122-3747-4|url=https://archive.org/details/educationofjanea00brow/page/451}}</ref> Reading [[Giuseppe Mazzini]]'s ''Duties of Man'', she began to be inspired by the idea of [[democracy]] as a social ideal. Yet she felt confused about her role as a woman. [[John Stuart Mill]]'s ''[[The Subjection of Women]]'' made her question the social pressures on a woman to marry and devote her life to family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=142–145, 147–48}}</ref>

In the summer of 1887, Addams read in a magazine about the new idea of starting a [[settlement house]]. She decided to visit the world's first, [[Toynbee Hall]], in [[London]]. She and several friends, including [[Ellen Gates Starr]], traveled in Europe from December 1887 through the summer of 1888. After watching a [[Spanish-style bullfighting|bullfight]] in [[Madrid]], fascinated by what she saw as an exotic tradition, Addams condemned this fascination and her inability to feel outraged at the suffering of the horses and bulls. At first, Addams told no one about her dream to start a settlement house; but, she felt increasingly guilty for not acting on her dream.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=152–55, 157}}</ref> Believing that sharing her dream might help her to act on it, she told Ellen Gates Starr. Starr loved the idea and agreed to join Addams in starting a settlement house.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=162–65}}</ref>

Addams and another friend traveled to London without Starr, who was busy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=166, 175–76}}</ref> Visiting Toynbee Hall, Addams was enchanted. She described it as "a community of University men who live there, have their recreation clubs and society all among the poor people, yet, in the same style in which they would live in their own circle. It is so free of 'professional doing good,' so unaffectedly sincere and so productive of good results in its classes and libraries seems perfectly ideal." Addams's dream of the classes mingling socially to mutual benefit, as they had in early Christian circles seemed embodied in the new type of institution.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|page=169}}</ref>

The settlement house as Addams discovered was a space within which unexpected cultural connections could be made and where the narrow boundaries of culture, class, and education could be expanded. They doubled as community arts centers and social service facilities. They laid the foundations for American civil society, a neutral space within which different communities and ideologies could learn from each other and seek common grounds for collective action. The role of the settlement house was an "unending effort to make culture and 'the issue of things' go together." The unending effort was the story of her own life, a struggle to reinvigorate her own culture by reconnecting with diversity and conflict of the immigrant communities in America's cities and with the necessities of social reform.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bilton|first=Chris|title=Jane Addams Pragmatism and Cultural Policy|journal=International Journal of Cultural Policy|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|pages=135–150<!--|access-date=2014-04-16-->|doi=10.1080/10286630600813644|s2cid=145501202}}</ref>