Editing Javanese script (section)

==Media==
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 | image1 = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Verhaal van Yusup in het Javaans op lontarblad TMnr 499-1.jpg|Naskah lontar beraksara Jawa dengan isi ''[[Serat Yusuf]]''
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 | caption1 = ''Serat Yusuf'' in [[palm leaf manuscript|palm leaf]] (''lontar'') form, Tropenmuseum collection
 | caption2 = ''Serat Yusuf'' in paper codex form, [[Museum Sonobudoyo]] collection
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Javanese script has been written with numerous media that have shifted over time. Kawi script, which is ancestral to Javanese script, is often found on stone inscriptions and copper plates. Everyday writing in Kawi was done in [[palm leaf manuscript|palm leaf form]] (ocally known as ''lontar''), which are processed leaves of the tal palm (''[[Borassus flabellifer]]''). Each ''lontar'' leaf has the shape of a slim rectangle 2.8 to 4&nbsp;cm in width and varies in length between 20 and 80&nbsp;cm. Each leaf can only accommodate around 4 lines of writing, which are incised horizontally with a small knife and then blackened with soot to increase readability. This media has a long history of attested use all over South and Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41017543|title=Balinese palm-leaf manuscripts|first=H I R|last=Hinzler|year=1993|journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|volume=149|issue=3|pages=438–473|doi=10.1163/22134379-90003116}}</ref>

In the 13th century, [[paper]] began to be used in the [[Malay Archipelago]]. This introduction is related to the spread of [[Islam]] in the region, since Islamic writing traditions were supported by the use of paper and [[codex]] manuscript. As Java began to receive significant Islamic influence in the 15th century, coinciding with the period in which Kawi script began to transition into the modern Javanese script, paper became widespread in Java while the use of ''lontar'' only persisted in a few regions.{{sfn|Behrend|1996|pp=165-167}} There are two kinds of paper that are commonly used in Javanese manuscript: locally produced paper called ''daluang'', and imported paper. ''Daluang'' (also spelled ''dluwang'') is a paper made from the beaten bark of the ''saéh'' tree (''[[Paper mulberry|Broussonetia papyrifera]]''). Visually, ''daluang'' can be easily differentiated from regular paper by its distinctive brown tint and fibrous appearance. A well made ''daluang'' has a smooth surface and is quite durable against manuscript damage commonly associated with tropical climates, especially insect damage. Meanwhile, a coarse ''daluang'' has a bumpy surface and tends to break easily. ''Daluang'' is commonly used in manuscripts produced by Javanese [[Kraton (Indonesia)|''kraton'']] (palaces) and ''[[pesantren]]'' (Islamic boarding schools) between the 16th and 17th centuries.<ref name="tey">{{cite book |last=Teygeler|first=R|chapter=The Myth of Javanese Paper |url=https://www.academia.edu/35977126 |title=Timeless Paper|editor=R Seitzinger|publisher=Gentenaar & Torley Publishers|year=2002|isbn=9073803039|location=Rijswijk|language=en}}</ref>

Most imported paper in Indonesian manuscripts came from Europe. In the beginning, only a few scribes were able to use European paper due to its high price—paper made using European methods at the time could only be imported in limited numbers.{{efn|VOC established a paper mill in Java between 1665–1681. However, the mill was not able to fulfill paper demands of the island and so stable paper supply continued to rely in shipments from Europe.<ref name="tey"/>}} In colonial administration, the use of European paper had to be supplemented with Javanese ''daluang'' and imported Chinese paper until at least the 19th century. As the paper supply increased due to growing imports from Europe, scribes in palaces and urban settlements gradually opted to use European paper as the primary medium for writing, while ''daluang'' paper was increasingly associated with ''pesantren'' and rural manuscripts.{{sfn|Behrend|1996|pp=165-167}} Alongside the increase of European paper supply, attempts to create Javanese printing type began, spearheaded by several European figures. With the establishment of printing technology in 1825, materials in Javanese script could be mass-produced and became increasingly common in various aspects of pre-independence Javanese life, from letters, books, and newspapers, to magazines, and even advertisements and paper currency.{{sfn|Molen|2000|pp=154-158}}