Editing Jersey Dutch language (section)

==Phonology==

=== Vowels ===
The vowel system of Jersey Dutch differs markedly from [[Dutch language|Standard Dutch]], as well as from the Dutch dialects from which it derives, perhaps due to the influence of [[American English]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Shetter |first=William Z. |date=1958 |title=A Final Word on Jersey Dutch |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/453863 |journal=American Speech |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi=10.2307/453863 |jstor=453863 |issn=0003-1283|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The following chart is based on the speech of two white Jersey Dutch speakers recorded in 1910 and 1941 respectively. Parentheses "indicate that the vowel is attested in few forms."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buccini |first=Anthony F. |date=1995 |title=The Dialectal Origins of New Netherland Dutch |url=https://anthonybuccini.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/buccini-1995-new-netherland-dutch.pdf |journal=The Berkeley Conference on Dutch Linguistics 1993 |pages=211–63}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Jersey Dutch vowel phonemes
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Roundedness|unrounded]]
! colspan="2" |[[Roundedness|rounded]]
|-
!short
!long
!short
!long
!short
!long
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|({{IPA link|ɪ}})
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|i}}ː}}
|
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|y}}ː}}
|
|({{IPA link|ʊ}})
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|u}}ː}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] 
|
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|e}}ː}}
|{{IPA link|œ}}
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|œ}}ː}}
|
|
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|o}}ː}}
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] 
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
|
|
|({{IPA link|ʌ}})
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|ɔ}}ː}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|{{IPA link|æ}}
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|æ}}ː}}
| colspan="2" |
|
|{{IPA link|ɑ}}
|{{IPA|{{IPA link|ɑ}}ː}}
|-
![[Diphthong|Diphthongs]]
| colspan="7" |{{IPA|ai̯}} ({{IPA|æi̯}})  {{IPA|ɛu̯}} ({{IPA|œːu̯}})  {{IPA|aːu̯}}
|}

=== Consonants ===
Jersey Dutch consonants are largely the same as those of Standard Dutch, with a few exceptions.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
![[Voicelessness|voiceless]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|({{IPA link|ɡ}})
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
![[Voicelessness|voiceless]]
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|x}}
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]
|{{IPA link|v}}
|{{IPA link|z}}
|({{IPA link|ɣ}})
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|{{IPA link|ɫ}}
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ɹ}}
|
|}