Editing Jitterbug (section)

==Early history==
[[File:Jitterbug dancers NYWTS.jpg|thumb|Jitterbug dancers in 1938]]

Jitterbugging developed from dances performed by African-Americans at [[Juke joint|juke joints]] and [[Dance hall|dance halls]].<ref name=":0">Stearns, Marshall and Jean (1968). ''Jazz Dance: The Story of American Vernacular Dance''. New York: Macmillan. page 331. {{ISBN|0-02-872510-7}}</ref> The [[Carolina shag]] and single [[Lindy Hop]] dances formed the basis of the jitterbug, which gave way to the double Lindy Hop when rock and roll became popular.<ref>''Dance a While: Handbook of Folk, Square, and Social Dancing''. Fourth Edition. Harris, Pittman, Waller. 1950, 1955, 1964, 1968. Burgess Publishing Company. No ISBN or catalog number. page 284.</ref>

White dancers picked up the energetic jitterbug from dancers at black venues. Venues in the [[Hill District (Pittsburgh)|Hill District]] of Pittsburgh were popular places for whites to learn the jitterbug.<ref name="Stearns">Stearns, Marshall and Jean (1968). ''Jazz Dance: The Story of American Vernacular Dance''. New York: Macmillan. page 330. {{ISBN|0-02-872510-7}}</ref> The [[Savoy Ballroom]], a dance hall in [[Harlem]], was a famous cross-cultural venue, frequented by both black locals and white tourists.<ref name=":0" /> [[Norma Miller]], a former Lindy Hop dancer who regularly performed at the Savoy, noted that the dances performed there were choreographed in advance, which was not always understood by the tourists, who sometimes believed the performers were just dancing socially.<ref>''Swinging at the Savoy''. Norma Miller. page 63.</ref> 

A musical number called "[[The Jitterbug]]" was written for the 1939 film ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]''. The "jitterbug" was a [[Hemiptera|bug]] sent by the [[Wicked Witch of the West]] to waylay the heroes by forcing them to do a jitterbug-style dance.{{cn|date=July 2023}} Although the sequence was not included in the final version of the film, the witch is later heard to tell the flying monkey leader, "I've sent a little insect on ahead to take the fight out of them." The song as sung by [[Judy Garland]] as Dorothy and some of the establishing dialogue survived from the soundtrack as the B-side of the disc release of "Over the Rainbow".{{cn|date=July 2023}}