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Johan Huizinga
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==Works== Huizinga had an aesthetic approach to history, where art and spectacle played an important part. His most famous work is ''[[The Autumn of the Middle Ages]]'' (also released as ''The Waning of the Middle Ages'' or ''Autumntide of the Middle Ages'') (1919). Other works include ''Erasmus'' (1924) and ''[[Homo Ludens]]'' (1938). In the latter book he discussed the possibility that play is the primary formative element in human culture. Huizinga also published books on American history and Dutch history in the 17th century. Alarmed by the rise of [[National Socialism]] in Germany, Huizinga wrote several works of cultural criticism. Many similarities can be noted between his analysis and that of contemporary critics such as [[Ortega y Gasset]] and [[Oswald Spengler]]. Huizinga argued that the spirit of technical and mechanical organisation had replaced spontaneous and organic order in cultural as well as political life. {{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} The [[Huizinga Lecture]] (Dutch: ''Huizingalezing'') is a prestigious annual lecture in the Netherlands about a subject in the domains of cultural history or philosophy in honour of Johan Huizinga.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.hum.leiden.edu/history/huizinga-lezing/over-huizinga-lezing/over-1.html | publisher = Universiteit Leiden | title = Huizinga-lezing | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725204113/http://www.hum.leiden.edu/history/huizinga-lezing/over-huizinga-lezing/over-1.html | archive-date = 2011-07-25 }}</ref> Johan Huizinga’s archive and papers are held by [[Leiden University Library|Leiden University Libraries]]’ Special Collections and also available in its Digital Collections.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/collection/huizinga | title = Huizinga Papers}}</ref> A complete inventory has been published.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collectionguides.universiteitleiden.nl/resources/ubl057 | title = Johan Huizinga archive}}</ref>
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