Editing Jonang (section)

=== Development ===
The monk Künpang Tukjé Tsöndrü ({{bo|w=kun spangs thugs rje brtson 'grus}}, 1243–1313) established a [[kumbum]] or stupa-vihara in the Jomonang Valley about {{convert|160|km|mi}} northwest of the [[Tashilhunpo Monastery]] in [[Ü-Tsang]] (modern [[Shigatse]]).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tukje Tsondru |url=http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Tukje-Tsondru/11307 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=The Treasury of Lives |language=en}}</ref> The Jonang tradition took its name from this "Jomonang" monastery, where Tsöndrü established a practice tradition that integrated seventeen different transmission of the Kālacakra Tantra completion stage yogas,<ref name=":2" /> and which was significantly expanded by later figures, including [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen|Dolpopa]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert E|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=9780691157863|page=401}}</ref>

The Jonang tradition combines two specific teachings, what has come to be known as the philosophy of [[shentong]] ("empty of other") [[madhyamaka]], and the Dro lineage of the ''[[Kalachakra|Kalachakra Tantra]].'' The origin of this combination in Tibet is traced to the master [[Yumo Mikyo Dorje|Yumo Mikyö Dorjé]] (c. 11th-12th century), a pupil of the [[Kashmir]]i master Somanātha, whose treatises compiled sources emphasizing the unique approach to emptiness of the Kalachakra Tantra.<ref name="Stearns">{{cite book|last1=Stearns|first1=Cyrus|title=The Buddha from Dolpo : a study of the life and thought of the Tibetan master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen|date=2002|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|isbn=978-8120818330}}, p. 19</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hatchell |first=Christopher |title=Naked Seeing: the great perfection, the wheel of time, and visionary buddhism in Renaissance Tibet |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-998291-2 |location=New York (N.Y.)}}</ref>

The shentong view holds that the non-dual nature of the mind (the [[buddha-nature]]) is real (and ''not'' [[Śūnyatā|empty]] of [[Svabhava|inherent existence)]], while all other phenomena ''are'' empty in this way. The buddha-nature can be described empty, but not of its own-nature, rather it is empty of all defiled and illusory phenomena. Thus, in Jonang, the emptiness of ultimate reality should not be characterized in the same way as the emptiness of relative phenomena. This is because ultimate reality is a stream of luminosity (''[[Luminous mind|prabhāsvara]]-[[mindstream|saṃtāna]]),'' endowed with limitless Buddha qualities.<ref>[http://www.ahs.org.uk/default.asp?action=article&ID=1847 Lama Shenpen, ''Emptiness Teachings''. Buddhism Connect] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903121246/http://www.ahs.org.uk/default.asp?action=article&ID=1847|date=2011-09-03}} (accessed March, 2010)</ref> It is empty of all that is false, not empty of the limitless Buddha qualities that are its innate nature.

The key figure in Jonang is [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen]] (1292–1361), a great yogi and scholar who widely promoted the philosophy of [[shentong]]. He was initially educated at [[Sakya Monastery|Sakya monastery]], and he also studied [[Kagyu]] and [[Nyingma]] lineages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dolpopa Sherab Gyeltsen |url=http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Dolpopa-Sherab-Gyeltsen/2670 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=The Treasury of Lives |language=en}}</ref> He was very impressed by the yogis of Jonang Monastery and eventually studied there under Khetsun Yonten Gyatso (1260–1327), receiving a complete transmission of the Jonang ''Kālacakra'' tradition.<ref name=":0" /> After some years in meditative retreat, Dolpopa assumed the leadership of Jonang monastery.<ref name=":0" /> Over the years, Dolpopa became extremely popular and was invited to teach throughout Tibet.<ref name=":0" /> He wrote various influential works on the shentong philosophy.