Editing Josephson effect (section)

==Applications== 
[[File:Josephson junction symbol.svg|thumb|The [[electrical symbol]] for a Josephson junction]] Types of Josephson junction include the [[Phi Josephson junction|φ Josephson junction]] (of which [[pi Josephson junction|π Josephson junction]] is a special example), [[long Josephson junction]], and [[superconducting tunnel junction]]. Other uses include:

* A "Dayem bridge" is a [[thin-film]] Josephson junction where the weak link comprises a superconducting wire measuring a few [[micrometre]]s or less.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=P. W. |last2=Dayem |first2=A. H. |year=1964 |title=Radio-frequency effects in superconducting thin film bridges |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=13 |issue=6 |page=195 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..195A |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.195}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dawe |first=Richard |title=SQUIDs: A Technical Report – Part 3: SQUIDs |website=rich.phekda.org |date=28 October 1998 |url=http://rich.phekda.org/squid/technical/part3.html |format=website |access-date=2011-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727172927/http://rich.phekda.org/squid/technical/part3.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Josephson junction count]] is a [[proxy variable]] for a device's complexity
* [[SQUID]]s, or superconducting quantum interference devices, are very sensitive [[magnetometer]]s that operate via the Josephson effect
* Superfluid helium quantum interference devices ([[SHeQUID]]s) are the [[superfluid]] helium analog of a dc-SQUID<ref>Sato, Y.; Packard, R. (October 2012), ''Superfluid helium interferometers'', Physics Today, p. 31.</ref>
* In precision [[metrology]], the Josephson effect is a [[Reproducibility|reproducible]] conversion between [[frequency]] and [[voltage]]. The [[Josephson voltage standard]] takes the [[caesium standard]] definition of frequency and gives the standard representation of a [[volt]]
* [[Single-electron transistor]]s are often made from [[superconducting]] materials and called "superconducting single-electron transistors".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fulton |first1=T. A. |last2=Gammel |first2=P. L. |last3=Bishop |first3=D. J. |last4=Dunkleberger |first4=L. N. |last5=Dolan |first5=G. J. |year=1989 |title=Observation of Combined Josephson and Charging Effects in Small Tunnel Junction Circuits |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=63 |issue=12 |pages=1307–1310 |bibcode=1989PhRvL..63.1307F |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1307 |pmid=10040529}}</ref>
* [[Elementary charge]] is most precisely measured in terms of the Josephson constant and the von Klitzing constant which is related to the [[quantum Hall effect]]
* [[RSFQ]] digital electronics are based on shunted Josephson junctions. Junction switching emits one [[magnetic flux quantum]] <math>\scriptstyle\frac{1}{2 e}h</math>. Its presence and absence represents binary 1 and 0.
* [[Superconducting quantum computing]] uses Josephon junctions as [[qubits]] such as in a [[flux qubit]] or other schemes where the phase and charge are [[conjugate variables]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bouchiat |first1=V. |last2=Vion |first2=D. |last3=Joyez |first3=P. |last4=Esteve |first4=D. |last5=Devoret |first5=M. H. |year=1998 |title=Quantum coherence with a single Cooper pair |journal=Physica Scripta |volume=T76 |page=165 |bibcode=1998PhST...76..165B |doi=10.1238/Physica.Topical.076a00165 |s2cid=250887469 |doi-access=}}</ref>
* [[Superconducting tunnel junction]] detectors are used in [[Superconducting camera|superconducting cameras]]