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July 1
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===Pre-1600=== *[[AD 69|69]] – [[Tiberius Julius Alexander]] orders his [[Roman legion]]s in [[Alexandria]] to swear [[allegiance]] to [[Vespasian]] as [[Roman emperor|Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lebel-Hadas|first=Mirelle|title=Flavius Josephus: Eyewitness to Rome's First-Century Conquest of Judea|location=New York|publisher=Macmillan|date=1993|oclc=610244378|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCaKNXhHgMUC|page=140|isbn=9780743217965}}</ref> * [[552]] – [[Battle of Taginae]]: [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] forces under [[Narses]] defeat the [[Ostrogoths]] in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, [[Totila]], is mortally wounded.<ref>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Earl R.|title=Friendly Fire in the Literature of War|location=Jefferson, N.C.|publisher=McFarland & Co.|date=2017|isbn=9781476667218|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9zCDgAAQBAJ|pages=120–121}}</ref> *[[1097]] – [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)|Battle of Dorylaeum]]: [[Crusaders]] led by prince [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond of Taranto]] defeat a [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuk]] army led by sultan [[Kilij Arslan I]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Melegari|first=Vezio|title=The Great Military Sieges|location=London|publisher=New English Library|date=1972|isbn=9780450013256|page=67}}</ref> *[[1431]] – The [[Battle of La Higueruela]] takes place in [[Granada]], leading to a modest advance of the [[Kingdom of Castile]] during the [[Reconquista]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Setton|first1=Kenneth M.|last2=Hazard|first2=Henry W.|title=A History of the Crusades. Vol. 3: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries|location=Madison, Wisc.|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|date=1975|isbn=9780299066703|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6v9jhUd-r8C|page=446}}</ref> *[[1520]] – Spanish [[conquistador]]s led by [[Hernán Cortés]] [[La Noche Triste|fight their way]] out of [[Tenochtitlan]] after nightfall.<ref>{{cite book|author=David Marley|title=Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdvp3cGJUZoC&pg=PA20|year=1998|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-87436-837-6|pages=20}}</ref> *[[1523]] – [[Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos]] become the first [[Lutheran]] martyrs, burned at the stake by [[Roman Catholic]] authorities in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{cite book|last=de Groot|first=Aart|chapter=Netherlands|title=Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Volume 3: L—R|editor-last=Hillerbrand|editor-first=Hans J.|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2014|isbn=9780415924726|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMSTAgAAQBAJ|page=1598}}</ref> *[[1569]] – [[Union of Lublin]]: The Kingdom of Poland and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] confirm a [[real union]]; the united country is called the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] or the Republic of Both Nations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Union of Lublin, July 1st 1569 r. |url=https://www.dziejesejmu.pl/en/union-of-lublin-july-1st-1569-r,p1509767935 |website=Sejm Rzeczypospolite Polskiej}}</ref>
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