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July 4
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===Pre-1600=== *[[362 BC]] – [[Battle of Mantinea (362 BC)|Battle of Mantinea]]: The [[Thebes, Greece|Thebans]], led by [[Epaminondas]], defeated the [[Sparta]]ns. * [[414]] – Emperor [[Theodosius II]], age 13, yields power to his older sister [[Pulcheria|Aelia Pulcheria]], who reigned as [[regent]] and proclaimed herself empress (''[[List of Augustae|Augusta]]'') of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]]. * [[836]] – ''[[Pactum Sicardi]]'', a peace treaty between the [[Duchy of Benevento|Principality of Benevento]] and the [[Duchy of Naples]], is signed. * [[993]] – [[Ulrich of Augsburg]] is [[Canonization|canonized]] as a saint. *[[1054]] – A supernova, called [[SN 1054]], is seen by Chinese [[Song dynasty]], [[Arab]], and possibly [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian]] observers near the star [[Zeta Tauri]]. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the [[Crab Nebula]]. *[[1120]] – [[Jordan II of Capua]] is anointed as prince after his infant nephew's death. *[[1187]] – The [[Crusades]]: [[Battle of Hattin]]: [[Saladin]] defeats [[Guy of Lusignan]], [[King of Jerusalem]]. *[[1253]] – Battle of West-Capelle: [[John I, Count of Hainaut|John I of Avesnes]] defeats [[Guy, Count of Flanders|Guy of Dampierre]]. *[[1333]] – [[Genkō War]]: Forces loyal to [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] seize [[Tōshō-ji]] during the [[Siege of Kamakura (1333)|Siege of Kamakura]]. [[Hōjō Takatoki]] and other members of the [[Hōjō clan]] commit suicide, ending the [[Kamakura period|rule]] of the [[Kamakura shogunate]].<ref>{{cite book|last = Kamiya|first = Michinori|pages = 53–55|title = Fukaku Aruku - Kamakura Shiseki Sansaku Vol. 1|publisher = Kamakura Shunshūsha|location = Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture|year = 2000|language = Japanese|isbn = 4-7740-0340-9}}</ref> *[[1359]] – [[Francesco II Ordelaffi]] of [[Forlì]] surrenders to the Papal commander [[Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz|Gil de Albornoz]]. *[[1456]] – [[Ottoman–Hungarian wars]]: The [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade)]] begins. *[[1534]] – [[Election of Christian III|Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway]] in the town of [[Old Rye|Rye]]. *[[1584]] – [[Philip Amadas]] and [[Arthur Barlowe]] arrive at [[Roanoke Island]].
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