Editing Kannada script (section)

==Vowels==
There are thirteen vowel letters ({{lang|kn|ಸ್ವರ}} ''svara'') in modern Kannada.
The Kannada script is an [[abugida]], where when a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter. There are also three obsolete vowels, corresponding to vowels in Sanskrit.

Written Kannada is composed of [[akshara]] or ''kagunita'', corresponding to syllables. The letters for consonants combine with diacritics for vowels.  The consonant letter without any diacritic, such as {{lang|kn|ಕ}} {{translit|kn|iso|ka}}, has the inherent vowel {{translit|kn|iso|a}} {{lang|kn|ಅ}}. A consonant without a vowel is marked with a 'killer' stroke, such as {{lang|kn|ಕ್}} {{translit|kn|iso|k}}. This silencing diacritic and process is known as {{lang|kn|ಹಲಂತ}} [[virama|{{translit|kn|iso|halanta}}]], whereas the resulting letter is called an {{lang|kn|ಅರ್ಧಾಕ್ಷರ}} {{translit|kn|iso|ardhākshara}} ({{lit|half letter}}).<ref name="Unicode"/>

Kannada has a phonemic [[vowel length]] distinction, so like many other Brahmic scripts, the writing system has two sets of diacritics, one for short vowels and one for long vowels. Short vowels are referred to as {{lang|kn|ಹ್ರಸ್ವ}} {{translit|kn|iso|hrasva}}, while long vowels are referred to as {{lang|kn|ದೀರ್ಘ}} {{translit|kn|iso|dīrgha}}.<ref name="Unicode">{{cite web |last=Srinatha Sastry |first=C. V. |title=UNICODE for Kannada, General Information & Description |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03068-kannada.pdf |website=UNICODE |access-date=2024-07-31}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels with their corresponding diacritics and akshara with ಅ
|-
! Independent
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಅ|iso=a}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಆ|iso=ā}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಇ|iso=i}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಈ|iso=ī}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಉ|iso=u}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಊ|iso=ū}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಋ|iso=r̥}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ೠ|note=r̥̄ {{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs|Obsolete in modern Kannada.}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಌ|note=l̥ {{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ೡ|note=l̥̄ {{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಎ|iso=e}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಏ|iso=ē}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಐ|iso=ai}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಒ|iso=o}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಓ|iso=ō}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=ಔ|iso=au}}
|-
! Diacritic template
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=-|iso=a}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ಾ|iso=ā}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=  ಿ|iso=i}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೀ|iso=ī}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ು|iso=u}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೂ|iso=ū}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೃ|iso=r̥}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೄ|note=r̥̄ {{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೢ|note=l̥ {{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೣ|note=l̥̄ {{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=	ೆ|iso=e}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೇ|iso=ē}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೈ|iso=ai}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೊ|iso=o}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch= ೋ|iso=ō}}
|{{letter|l=kn|ch=  ೌ|iso=au}}
|-
! Diacritic with ದ
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ +|ch=ದ|ipa=/d̪a/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ಾ|ch=ದಾ|ipa=/d̪aː/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ಿ|ch=ದಿ|ipa=/d̪i/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೀ|ch=ದೀ|ipa=/d̪iː/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ು|ch=ದು|ipa=/d̪u/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೂ|ch=ದೂ|ipa=/d̪uː/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೃ|ch=ದೃ|ipa=/d̪ru/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೄ|ch=ದೄ|ipa=/d̪ruː/|note={{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೢ|ch=ದೢ|ipa=/d̪ruː/|note={{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೣ|ch=ದೣ|ipa=/d̪ruː/|note={{noteTag|group=ucons|name=obs}}|color=green}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೆ|ch=ದೆ|ipa=/d̪e/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೇ|ch=ದೇ|ipa=/d̪eː/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೈ|ch=ದೈ|ipa=/dai/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೊ|ch=ದೊ|ipa=/d̪o/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೋ|ch=ದೋ|ipa=/d̪oː/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೌ|ch=ದೌ|ipa=/d̪au/}}
|}
{{noteFoot|group=ucons}}

=== Yōgavāha ===
There are two ''yōgavāha'' (part-vowel, part consonant) letters, known as ''ardhavisarga'', used in modern Kannada and two others  used in [[Sanskrit]] transcription.

{|class="wikitable"
|+ yōgavāha with their corresponding diacritics and akshara with ಅ and ದ
|-
! Diacritic template
|{{letter|name=[[anusvara]]|l=kn|ch= ಂ|iso=ṁ}}
|{{letter|name=[[visarga]]|l=kn|ch= ಃ|iso=ḥ}}
|{{letter|name=[[jihvamuliya]]|l=kn|ch=ೱ|iso=ḥ|color=green|note={{noteTag|group=yoga|name=ardha|Not used in modern Kannada, but used in Sanskrit transcription.}}}}
|{{letter|name=[[upadhmaniya]]|l=kn|ch=ೲ|iso=ḫ|color=green|note={{noteTag|name=ardha}}}}
|-
! Diacritic with ಅ
|{{letter|name=[[anusvara]]|l=kn|ch=ಅಂ|iso=aṁ}}
|{{letter|name=[[visarga]]|l=kn|ch=ಅಃ|iso=aḥ}}
|{{letter|name=[[jihvamuliya]]|l=kn|ch=ಅೱ|iso=ḥ|color=green|note={{noteTag|group=yoga|name=ardha|Not used in modern Kannada, but used in Sanskrit transcription.}}}}
|{{letter|name=[[upadhmaniya]]|l=kn|ch=ಅೲ|iso=ḫ|color=green|note={{noteTag|name=ardha}}}}
|-
! Diacritic with ದ
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ಂ|ch=ದಂ|ipa=/d̪am̃/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ಃ|ch=ದಃ|ipa=/d̪ah/}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೱ|ch=ದೱ| ipa=[x]|color=green|note={{noteTag|group=yoga|name=kh|Changes the sound of ಕ from k to kh.}}}}
|{{letter|l=kn|top=ದ + ೲ|ch=ದೲ| ipa=[ɸ]|color=green|note={{noteTag|group=yoga|name=ph|Changes the sound of ಪ from p to ph, similar to the ''f'' in ''fan'' but without the lips touching the teeth.}}}}
|}
{{noteFoot|group=yoga}}