Editing Kenora (section)

== History ==
Kenora is situated on the traditional territory of the [[Ojibwe|Ojibway]] people.<ref name=":1" /> Among the earliest Europeans in the Lake of the Woods area was explorer and fur trader [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye]].<ref name=":1" /> The first European, [[Jacques de Noyon]], sighted [[Lake of the Woods]] in 1688.<ref>Upham, W. (1918). [Review of Final Report of the International Joint Commission on the Lake of the Woods Reference]. Minnesota History Bulletin, 2(8), 570–572. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20160281</ref>

[[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|Pierre de La Vérendrye]] established a secure [[Kingdom of France|French]] trading post, [[Fort Saint Charles]], to the south of present-day Kenora near the current Canada/U.S. border in 1732, and France maintained the post until 1763 when it lost the territory to the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] in the [[French and Indian War|Seven Years' War]]. Until then, it was the most northwesterly settlement of [[New France]]. In 1836 the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] established a post on Old Fort Island, and in 1861, the Company opened a post on the mainland at Kenora's current location.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In 1878, the company surveyed lots for the permanent settlement of ''Rat Portage'' ("portage to the country of the muskrat")<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ontariotowns.net/Kenora/History.cfm |title=History of Kenora, Ontario, Canada|archive-date=March 15, 2015|website=ontariotowns.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315082518/http://www.ontariotowns.net/Kenora/History.cfm |access-date=December 2, 2018}}</ref>&nbsp;— the community kept that name until 1905, when it was renamed ''Kenora''.<ref name=Barnes1 />

[[File:KenoraOjibwaTepee.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ojibwe|Ojibway]] tipi, Kenora, 1922.]]
Kenora was once claimed as part of the Province of Manitoba, and there are early references to Rat Portage, Manitoba. There was a long-lasting argument between the two provinces known as the Ontario-Manitoba boundary dispute. Each province claimed the town as part of their territory and the dispute lasted from 1870 to 1884. Although Ottawa had ruled the town part of Manitoba in 1881, the issue was finally taken up with the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] which eventually decided in Ontario's favour.<ref name=secede>{{Cite news |title=Residents of Ontario town want to join Manitoba |publisher=[[CTV News Channel (Canada)|CTV]] |date=10 August 2005 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1123686168881_24/?hub=Canada |access-date=2010-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311003254/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1123686168881_24/?hub=Canada |archive-date=11 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kenora officially became part of the province of Ontario in 1889.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kenorapubliclibrary.org/museum/history/History.aspx?id=3241 |title=Lake of the Woods History |publisher=Lake of the Woods Museum |access-date=2010-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726215036/http://www.kenorapubliclibrary.org/museum/history/History.aspx?id=3241 |archive-date=2011-07-26}}</ref> Boundaries were drawn up for the provinces and the [[Northwest Angle]] on Lake of the Woods which definitively drew the borders between Ontario, Manitoba, and the U.S. state of [[Minnesota]].

Gold and the railway were both important in the community's early history: gold was first discovered in the area in 1850, and by 1893, 20 mines were operating within {{Convert|24|km|0|abbr=on}} of Rat Portage, and the first Canadian ocean-to-ocean train passed through in 1886 on the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]. Among the entrepreneurs attracted to the town was the Hon. JEP Vereker, a retired British army officer and youngest son of the 4th [[Viscount Gort]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kenora was once home to a peer of the realm|url=http://www.kenoradailyminerandnews.com/2013/06/05/kenora-was-once-home-to-a-peer-of-the-realm|newspaper=Kenora Daily Miner and News|access-date=2013-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110926/http://www.kenoradailyminerandnews.com/2013/06/05/kenora-was-once-home-to-a-peer-of-the-realm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref>

Later, a highway was built through Kenora in 1932, becoming part of Canada's first coast-to-coast highway in 1943, and then part of the [[Trans-Canada Highway]], placing the community on both of Canada's major transcontinental transportation routes. The original barrier to the completion of the highway concerned the crossing of the Winnipeg River at two locations. The single-span arch bridges are among the longest of their type in North America.

During the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition era]] in the United States, the Lake of the Woods served as a smuggler's route for the transport of alcohol.

In December 1883, there was a large fire in Rat Portage, rendering 70 of the town's then population of 700 homeless.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chronicle of the week|journal=The Week: A Canadian Journal of Politics, Literature, Science and Arts|date=27 Dec 1883|volume=1|issue=4|pages=62|url=https://archive.org/stream/weekcanadianjour01toro#page/n32/mode/1up|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626195923/http://archive.org/stream/weekcanadianjour01toro#page/n32/mode/1up|archive-date=26 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Stanley Cup]] was won by the [[Kenora Thistles]] hockey team in 1907. The team featured such Hall of Famers as [[Billy McGimsie]], [[Tommy Phillips]], and [[Art Ross]], for whom the [[Art Ross Trophy]] is named. Kenora is the smallest town to have won a major North American sports title.

Rat Portage is mentioned in [[Algernon Blackwood]]'s famous 1910 story, "The Wendigo".

On November 22, 1965, around 400 Aboriginal protesters, inspired by the [[Selma to Montgomery marches]] against white supremacy and racial discrimination in the [[Southern United States]], undertook a quarter-mile march against anti-indigenous racism along Main Street to Legion Hall, where they expressed their grievances to the city's mayor and councillors. This march became widely referred to as Canada's first civil rights march.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rutherford |first1=Scott |date=Spring 2017 |title="We Have Bigotry All Right—but No Alabamas": Racism and Aboriginal Protest in Canada during the 1960s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.41.2.0158 |journal=American Indian Quarterly |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=158–179 |doi=10.5250/amerindiquar.41.2.0158 |jstor=10.5250/amerindiquar.41.2.0158 |s2cid=165143516 |access-date=1 April 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[File:Husky the Muskie, Kenora, Ontario (0082).jpg|thumb|Husky the Muskie]]
In 1967, the year of the [[Canadian Centennial]], Kenora erected a sculpture known as [[Husky the Muskie]]. It has become the town's mascot and one of its most recognizable features.<ref name="history" />

A [[1973 Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce bank robbery|dramatic bank robbery]] took place in Kenora on May 10, 1973. An unknown man entered the [[Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce]] heavily armed and wearing a "[[dead man's switch]]", a device utilising a clothespin, wires, battery and dynamite, where the user holds the clothespin in the mouth, exerting force on the clothespin. Should the user release the clothespin, two wires attached to both sides of the pin complete an electrical circuit, sending current from the battery, detonating the explosives. After robbing the bank, the robber exited the CIBC, and was preparing to enter a city vehicle driven by undercover police officer Don Milliard. A sniper, Robert Letain, positioned across the street, shot the robber, causing the explosives to detonate and kill the robber. Most of the windows on the shops on the main street were shattered as a result of the blast. Later, Kenora Police submitted DNA samples from the robber's remains to a national database to identify him; however, the suspect was never positively identified.

The importance of the logging industry declined in the second part of the 20th century, and the last log boom was towed into Kenora in 1985. The tourist and recreation industries have become more important.