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Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier
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===Transiting the Turkish Straits=== {{See also|Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits#Aircraft carriers}} The Russian naval system classifies its ''Kuznetsov''-class ship as a heavy [[aircraft cruiser|aircraft-carrying cruiser]] because it was fitted with long-range anti-ship cruise missiles. Under the 1936 [[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits|Montreux Convention]], aircraft carriers heavier than 15,000 tons may not pass through the [[Turkish Straits]]. Since ''Kuznetsov'' exceeds the [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] limit, it would have been confined to the [[Black Sea]] if it had been classified as an aircraft carrier. However, there is no tonnage restriction on other [[capital ship]]s operated by [[Black Sea]] Powers.<ref name="miller1990">{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=David V. | last2=Hine | first2=Jonathan T. Jr. |title=Soviet Carriers in the Turkish Straits |date=31 January 1990 |publisher=Naval War College |location=Newport, Rhode Island |url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a219829.pdf |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114231831/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a219829.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Turkey has allowed {{ship|Russian aircraft carrier| Admiral Kuznetsov||2}} to pass through the Straits, and no other signatory to the Montreux Convention has objected to its designation as an [[aircraft cruiser]].<ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/naval-arms-control-1936.htm |title=Montreux Convention 1936 |website=Globalsecurity.org |access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref> The Chinese Navy regards its Type 001 ships as aircraft carriers.<ref name="mod2015"> {{cite news |last1=Tao |first1=Zhang |title=Captain delegation of U.S. Navy visits Chinese Liaoning aircraft carrier |url=http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Photos/2015-10/20/content_4625081.htm |work=Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China |date=20 October 2015 |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204161821/http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Photos/2015-10/20/content_4625081.htm |archive-date=4 December 2016 |url-status=live}} </ref> The Chinese aircraft carrier ''Liaoning'' is armed with air-defense weapons, but it is not equipped with the anti-ship or anti-submarine missiles that are on ''Admiral Kuznetsov''. Instead, the hangar bay was extended to carry more aircraft.<ref name="sinodefence"/>
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