Editing Lambda (section)

===Upper-case letter Λ===
Examples of the symbolic use of uppercase lambda include:
* The [[lambda particle]] is a type of [[subatomic particle]] in [[Physics#High energy/particle physics|subatomic particle physics]].
* Lambda is the set of logical axioms in the [[axiomatic method]] of logical deduction in [[first-order logic]].
* There is a poetical allusion to the use of Lambda as a [[aspis|shield blazon]] by the [[Spartans]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Philodemus |title=On Poems |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=212 |isbn=9780199262854}}</ref>
* Lambda is the [[von Mangoldt function]] in mathematical [[number theory]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deza |first=Elena |title=Perfect and amicable numbers |date=2023 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-12-5962-3 |series=Selected chapters of number theory : special numbers |location=New Jersey |pages=79 |quote=The ''von Mangold function'' Λ(''n'') is defined as…}}</ref>
* Lambda denotes the [[de Bruijn–Newman constant]] which is closely connected with [[Riemann's hypothesis]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Broughan |first=Kevin A. |title=Equivalents of the Riemann hypothesis. Volume 3: Further steps towards resolving the Riemann hypothesis / Kevin Broughan (University of Waikato, New Zealand) |date=2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-38480-3 |series=Encyclopedia of mathematics and its applications |location=Cambridge, UK; New York; Port Melbourne, Victoria; New Delhi; Singapore |pages=63 |quote=Now we can give the definition of the de Bruijn–Newman constant Λ.}}</ref>
* In [[statistics]], lambda is used for the [[Likelihood function#Likelihood ratio|likelihood ratio]].
* In statistics, [[Samuel Stanley Wilks|Wilks's lambda]] is used in multivariate analysis of variance ([[MANOVA]] analysis) to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Everitt |first=Brian |title=An introduction to applied multivariate analysis with R |date=2011 |publisher=Springer New York |others=Torsten Hothorn |isbn=978-1-4419-9649-7 |series=Use R! Ser |location=New York |quote=In the current case of one-way MANOVA, it can be shown that the LR test statistic is a monotone function of what is called Wilks' lambda (Λ, capital Greek letter lambda):}}</ref>
* In the [[Eigendecomposition of a matrix#Normal matrices|spectral decomposition of matrices]], lambda indicates the [[diagonal matrix]] of the [[eigenvalues]] of the [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix]].
* In [[computer science]], lambda is the time window over which a process is observed for determining the working memory set for a [[digital computer]]'s [[virtual memory]] management.
* In [[astrophysics]], lambda represents the likelihood that a small body will encounter a [[planet]] or a [[dwarf planet]] leading to a deflection of a significant magnitude. An object with a large value of lambda is expected to have [[Clearing the neighbourhood|cleared its neighbourhood]], satisfying the current [[definition of planet|definition of a planet]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=John |title=The Solar System in Close-Up |date=2016 |publisher=Springer International Publishing AG |isbn=978-3-319-27627-4 |series=Astronomers' Universe Ser |location=Cham |pages=7 |quote=American planetary scientists Alan Stern and Harold Levison introduced a parameter Λ (lambda) to express the likelihood of a body "clearing the neighborhood around its orbit".}}</ref>
* In [[crystal optics]], lambda is used to represent a lattice period.
* In [[electrochemistry]], lambda denotes the "equivalent [[Electrical conductance|conductance]]" of an [[electrolyte]] solution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kuhn |first=Reinhard |title=Capillary electrophoresis: principles and practice |last2=Hoffstetter-Kuhn |first2=Sabrina |date=1993 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-387-56434-0 |series=Springer Laboratory |location=Berlin Heidelberg |pages=12 |quote=According to the first Kohlrausch law, anions and cations contribute independently to the conductance, which means that the equivalent conductance Λ is the sum of the…}}</ref>
* In [[cosmology]], lambda is the symbol for the [[cosmological constant]], a term added to some dynamical equations to account for the [[accelerating expansion of the universe]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Liddle |first=Andrew R. |title=An introduction to modern cosmology |date=2015 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons, Inc |isbn=978-1-118-50214-3 |edition=Third |location=Chichester, West Sussex |pages=55 |quote=The cosmological constant Λ appears in the Friedman equation as an extra term,}}</ref>
* In optics, lambda denotes the grating pitch of a [[Bragg reflector]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics |date=2010 |publisher=IntechOpen |isbn=978-953-7619-82-4 |editor-last=Pal |editor-first=Bishnu |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar |pages=352 |quote=The circular Bragg grating on the bottom DBR gives high reflection for Bragg wavelength which is decided, for first order grating in slab hollow waveguide [25], by the following equation… where Λ is grating pitch.}}</ref>
* In [[politics]], the lambda is the symbol of [[Identitarian movement|Identitarianism]], a [[white nationalist]] movement that originated in [[France]] before spreading out to the rest of [[Europe]] and later on to [[North America]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]. The Identitarian lambda represents the [[Battle of Thermopylae]].