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Lateral geniculate nucleus
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==M, P, K cells== [[File:Cgl Nissl2.svg|thumb|right|240px|Relative locations of the M-, P-, and K-layers (macaque monkey)]] {| class="wikitable" ! Type || Size* || [[Retinal ganglion cell|RGC]] Source || Type of Information || Location || Response || Number |- | M: [[Magnocellular cells]] || Large || [[Parasol cell]]s || perception of movement, depth, and small differences in brightness || Layers 1 and 2 || rapid and transient || ? |- | P: [[Parvocellular cells]] (or "parvicellular") || Small || [[Midget cell]]s || perception of color and form (fine details) || Layers 3, 4, 5 and 6 || slow and sustained || ? |- / | K: [[Koniocellular cells]] (or "interlaminar") || Very small cell bodies || [[Bistratified cell]]s || || Between each of the M and P layers || || |} <nowiki>*</nowiki>Size describes the cell body and dendritic tree, though also can describe the receptive field The magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular layers of the LGN correspond with the similarly named types of [[retinal ganglion cell]]s. Retinal P ganglion cells send axons to a parvocellular layer, M ganglion cells send axons to a magnocellular layer, and K ganglion cells send axons to a koniocellular layer.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Purves|first1=Dale|last2=Augustine|first2=George|last3=Fitzpatrick|first3=David|last4=Hall|first4=William|last5=Lamantia|first5=Anthony-Samuel|last6=White|first6=Leonard|title=Neuroscience|date=2011|publisher=Sinauer|location=Sunderland, Mass.|isbn=978-0878936953|edition=5.}}</ref>{{rp|269}} Koniocellular cells are functionally and neurochemically distinct from M and P cells and provide a third channel to the visual cortex. They project their axons between the layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus where M and P cells project. Their role in visual perception is presently unclear; however, the koniocellular system has been linked with the integration of somatosensory system-proprioceptive information with visual perception{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}, and it may also be involved in color perception.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=BJ|last2=Boehnke|first2=SE|last3=Marino|first3=RA|last4=Itti|first4=L|last5=Munoz|first5=DP|title=Color-related signals in the primate superior colliculus|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|date=Sep 30, 2009|volume=29|issue=39|pages=12159–66|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1986-09.2009|pmid=19793973|pmc=6666157|doi-access=free}}</ref> The parvo- and magnocellular fibers were previously thought to dominate the Ungerleider–Mishkin [[ventral stream]] and [[dorsal stream]], respectively. However, new evidence has accumulated showing that the two streams appear to feed on a more even mixture of different types of nerve fibers.<ref>Goodale & Milner, 1993, 1995.</ref> The other major retino–cortical visual pathway is the [[tectopulvinar pathway]], routing primarily through the [[superior colliculus]] and thalamic [[pulvinar nuclei|pulvinar]] nucleus onto [[posterior parietal]] cortex and [[visual area MT]].
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