Editing Lative case (section)

==Meadow Mari==
In [[Meadow Mari language|Meadow Mari]], the usage of the lative is restricted compared to that of the [[illative case]]. Whereas the illative can be used freely in connection with verbs indicating motion into/to/towards something, the lative occurs typically with only a smaller number of such verbs. Some examples of these are: кодаш ''kodaš'' "to remain, to stay", шинчаш ''šinčaš'' "to sit down", шочаш ''šočaš'' "to be born", сакаш ''sakaš'' "to hang up, to hang on", пышташ ''põštaš'' "to put, to place", кушкаш ''kuškaš'' "to grow (intransitive)". In many cases, both the illative and the lative cases can be used with a verb. Note that some of the verbs, such as шочаш or кушкаш, do not indicate motion towards a place.<ref name="Mari: An Essential Grammar for International Learners">{{cite book
| last1 = Riese
| first1 = Timothy
| last2 = Bradley
| first2 = Jeremy
| last3 = Schötschel
| first3 = Monika
| last4 = Yefremova
| first4 = Tatiana
| author-link1 = 
| title = Mari (марий йылме): An Essential Grammar for International Learners. [Draft version]
| url = https://www.univie.ac.at/maridict/site-2014/grammar.php?int=0
| series = 
| volume = 
| publisher = University of Vienna [published online at grammar.mari-language.com]
| publication-date = 2019
| page = 89-91
| isbn = 
| access-date = 
| quote = 
| year = 
}} [[File:CC-BY-SA icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported] license.</ref>

{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Ковам Тойметсола ялеш кресаньык ешеш шочын.
|kova-m Tojmetsola jal-eš kresan’õk ješ-eš šoč-õn
|grandmother-POSS.1SG Toymetsola village-LAT peasant family-LAT be.born-PST
|"My grandmother was born in the village of Toymetsola into a peasant family."}}

{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Сумкатым пӱкенеш пыште да диванеш шич.
|sumka-t-õm püken-eš põšte da divan-eš šič
|bag-POSS.2SG-ACC chair-LAT put.IMP and couch-LAT sit.IMP
|"Put your bag on the chair and sit down on the couch."}}

The lative case in Meadow Mari can also fulfill a few auxiliary functions. It can indicate the cause for an action or under what circumstances the action takes place:<ref name="Mari: An Essential Grammar for International Learners" />
{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Йоча-влак йӱреш нӧреныт.
|joča-vlak jür-eš nör-en-õt
|child-PL rain-LAT soak-PST-3PL
|"The children got soaked in the rain."}}

A noun in the lative can express a period of time in which something (repeatedly) takes place:<ref name="Mari: An Essential Grammar for International Learners" />
{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Тый кечеш мыняр гана кочкат?
|tõj keč-eš mõn’ar gana kočk-at?
|you.SG day-LAT how.many time eat-2SG
|"How many times a day do you eat?"}}

A noun in the lative can be used to indicate how someone or something is regarded, for what they are held:<ref name="Mari: An Essential Grammar for International Learners" />
{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Ивук пийжым эн сай йолташеш шотла.
|Ivuk pij-ž-õm en saj joltaš-eš šotl-a
|Ivuk dog-POSS.3SG-ACC most good friend-LAT consider-3SG
|"Ivuk considers his dog his best friend."}}

A noun in the lative can express by what means something is transferred, relocated, or undergoes a change.<ref name="Mari: An Essential Grammar for International Learners" />
{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Йошкар-Олашке автобусеш толынна.
|Joškar-Ola-ške avtobus-eš tol-õn-na
|Yoshkar-Ola-ILL bus-LAT come-PST-1PL
|"We came to [[Yoshkar-Ola]] by bus."}}

{{fs interlinear|indent=3|glossing=link
|Тулеш кӱктымӧ пареҥге пеш тамле.
|tul-eš kükt-õmö pareŋge peš tamle
|fire-LAT bake-PASS potato very tasty
|"Potatoes cooked in fire are very tasty."}}