Editing Lavinium (section)

==Legend and history==
According to Roman mythology, which links Lavinium more securely to Rome, the city was named by [[Aeneas]]<ref>A [[tumulus]] was identified by Romans as the ''Heroon of Aeneas''</ref> in honor of [[Lavinia]], daughter of [[Latinus]], king of the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latins]], and his wife, [[Amata]].<ref>[[Livy]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Livy)|Ab urbe condita]]'', 1:1</ref><ref name="Torelli1984">{{cite book|author=Mario Torelli|title=Lavinio e Roma: riti iniziatici e matrimonio tra archeologia e storia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNIoAAAAYAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Ed. Quasar|isbn=978-88-85020-55-9|accessdate=2017-02-19}}</ref> Aeneas reached Italy and there fought a war against [[Turnus]], the leader of the local [[Rutuli]] people.  Aeneas founded not [[Rome]] but rather Lavinium, the main centre of the Latin league, from which the people of [[Rome]] sprang. Aeneas thus links the royal house of [[Troy]] with the early Roman royal house.

The foundation of Lavinium and the Rutulian war are both mentioned prominently in [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Aeneid]]''.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

[[File:AR serrate denarius of C. Sulpicius C. f. Galba.jpg|thumb|right|[[Silver]] [[denarius]] struck by C. [[Sulpicia (gens)|Sulpicius]] C. f. Galba in [[Rome]] 106 BC.
The [[Di Penates]] depicted on the obverse were brought to Lavinium from [[Troy]] by [[Aeneas]].  The reverse depicts a prophecy from the [[Aeneid]]: "in the place where a white sow casts thirty piglets under an oak tree, a new city shall be built."  A bronze statue of a sow was placed in the forum of Lavinium.]]
In ancient times Lavinium had a close association with the nearby [[Laurentum]]. According to [[Livy]], in the eighth century BC, when [[Romulus]] and [[Titus Tatius]] jointly ruled Rome, the ambassadors of the Laurentes came to Rome, but were beaten by Tatius' relatives.  The Laurentes complained, but Tatius accorded more weight to the influence of his relatives than to the injury done the Laurentes.  When Tatius afterwards visited Lavinium to celebrate an anniversary sacrifice, he was slain in a tumult.  Romulus declined to go to war and instead renewed the treaty between Rome and Lavinium.<ref>[[Livy]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Livy)|Ab urbe condita]]'', 1:14</ref>

In 509 BC, after the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, one of Rome's first two consuls [[Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus]] was coerced into leaving Rome because of his relation to the kings.  He voluntarily went into exile in Lavinium.<ref>[[Livy]], ''[[Ab urbe condita (book)|Ab urbe condita]]'', 2.2</ref>

In around 488 BC, Lavinium was captured by an invading army of the [[Volsci]], led by [[Gaius Marcius Coriolanus]] and [[Attius Tullus Aufidius]].<ref>[[Livy]], ''[[Ab urbe condita (book)|Ab urbe condita]]'', 2.39</ref>