Editing Lead(II) oxide (section)

==Synthesis==
PbO may be prepared by heating lead metal in air at approximately {{convert|600|C|F|-2}}. At this temperature it is also the end product of decomposition of other [[lead oxide (disambiguation)|oxides of lead]] in air:<ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|pages=382-387}}</ref>
:<chem>PbO2->[{293 °C}] Pb12O19 ->[{351 °C}]  Pb12O17 ->[{375 °C}] Pb3O4 ->[{605 °C}] PbO</chem>

Thermal decomposition of [[lead(II) nitrate]] or [[lead carbonate|lead(II) carbonate]] also results in the formation of PbO:
:2&nbsp;{{chem|Pb|(NO|3|)|2}} → 2&nbsp;PbO + 4&nbsp;{{chem|link=nitrogen dioxide|NO|2}} + {{chem|O|2}}
:{{chem|PbCO|3}} → PbO + {{CO2|link=yes}}

PbO is produced on a large scale as an intermediate product in refining raw lead ores into metallic lead. The usual lead ore is [[galena]] ([[lead(II) sulfide]]). At a temperature of around {{convert|1000|C|F|-2}} in air, the sulfide converted to the oxide:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Thermal and XRD analysis of Egyptian galena|journal=Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry|year=2006|volume=86|issue=2|pages=393–401|last1=Abdel-Rehim|first1=A. M. |doi=10.1007/s10973-005-6785-6|s2cid=96393940}}</ref>
:{{chem2|2 PbS + 2 O2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO2}}

=== From lead ===
Lead combusts at high temperature.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dix |first=J. E. |date=1987-02-01 |title=A comparison of barton-pot and ball-mill processes for making leady oxide |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753%2887%2980024-1 |journal=Journal of Power Sources |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=157–161 |doi=10.1016/0378-7753(87)80024-1 |bibcode=1987JPS....19..157D |issn=0378-7753|url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to the Barton pot method, refined molten lead droplets are oxidized under a forced air flow which carries them out to the separation system (e.g. [[Cyclonic separation|cyclonic separators]]) for further processing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Pavlov |first=D. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/978538577 |title=Lead-acid batteries : science and technology : a handbook of lead-acid battery technology and its influence on the product |date=2017 |isbn=978-0-444-59560-7 |edition=2 |location=Saint Louis |oclc=978538577}}</ref>{{Rp|page=245}} Oxides produced by this method are mostly a mixture of α-PbO and β-PbO. The overall reaction, which is conducted at 450&nbsp;°C is:
:{{chem2|Pb + O2 -> 2 PbO}}
Using a [[Ball mill]], lead balls are oxidized in a cooled rotating drum. The oxidation is achieved by collisions of the balls. Just like in Barton pot method, the supply of air and separators may also be used.<ref name=":0" />{{r|:1|p=245}}