Editing Lexus GS (section)

=={{anchor|S160}} Second generation (S160; 1997)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Lexus GS
| aka          = Toyota Aristo (Japan)
| model_code   = S160
| image        = 98-00 Lexus GS300.jpg
| production   = {{ubl
                 | August 1997{{snd}}December 2004 (Lexus GS)
                 | August 1997{{snd}}July 2005 (Toyota Aristo)<ref name = "75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant" />
                 }}
| model_years  = 1998&ndash;2005
| designer     = Akihiro Nagaya (1995)
| layout       = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| assembly = {{ubl
                 | Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]])}}
| platform     =
| related      = [[Toyota Crown#S150|Toyota Crown (S150)]]
| engine       = {{ubl
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' [[straight-six engine|I6]]
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|2JZ-GTE]]'' I6 ([[turbocharger|turbo]])
                 | 4.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (export only)
                 | 4.3&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ-FE|3UZ-FE]]'' V8 (export only)
                 }}
| transmission = {{ubl
                 | 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A340E.3F .2830-40LS.29|A340E]]'' automatic (30-40LS)
                 | 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A341E .2830-41LE.29|A341E]]'' automatic (JZS161)
                 | 5-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A650E|A650E]]'' automatic (JZS160, UZS160, UZS161)
                 }}
| wheelbase    = {{cvt|2799|mm|1}}
| length       = {{cvt|4806|mm|1}}
| width        = {{cvt|1801|mm|1}}
| height       = {{cvt|1420|-|1440|mm|1}}
| weight       = {{cvt|1680|kg|1}}
}}

===1997&ndash;2000===
In 1993, after sales commenced for the first generation S140 series, development began on the successor under the internally known codenamed ''S160''. The design process began under chief engineer Yasushi Nakagawa in May 1994 and by November 1995 after 18 months of design work, the final production design by Akihiro Nagaya was approved by the executive board. In January 1997, Lexus debuted the "High Performance Sedan" (HPS) concept at the [[North American International Auto Show|Detroit Auto Show]], previewing the design direction for the redesigned GS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20120118/DETROIT/120119847 |title=A Look Back: The 1997 Detroit auto show |work=[[AutoWeek]] |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>

In August 1997, the second generation Toyota Aristo was launched in Japan, codenamed JZS160 (S300 version) for models with ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ|2JZ-GE]]'' engines and JZS161 (V300 version) for those with ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ|2JZ-GTE]]'' twin-turbocharged engines, remaining exclusive to the former ''Auto Store'' network that was combined with ''Vista Store'' and renamed ''[[Toyota Netz Store]]'' Japanese dealerships. [[VVT-i]] was now standard, resulting in an increase of torque. The twin-turbocharged version was available with electronic [[four-wheel steering]], VSC [[electronic stability control]] and an [[automatic transmission]] with a tiptronic manual sequential mode controlled by buttons on the steering wheel. 

The second generation sedans used a new front-engine, rear-wheel drive midsize platform, also featured in the Japanese-market [[Toyota Crown]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goo-net.com/car_info/usedcar_topics/127/01.html |title=Aristo history トヨタ アリスト 中古車総合情報 |publisher=Goo-net.com |access-date=28 October 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new model's styling was produced in-house, and featured quadruple headlights (the interior two of which were elliptical) in a fashion similar to the Lexus SC coupe. It had a {{Cd|link=car|long=yes|0.30}}. Inside, [[Electroluminescence|electroluminescent]] ''[[Optitron]]'' gauges were offered for the first time, along with an upgraded stereo system for V300 versions. For export markets, the second generation GS began production in the JZS161 body style on 4 August 1997 and was officially launched in October 1997.

Lexus offered the GS 300 once again and featured a slightly revised version of the previous generation's 3.0-liter straight-six now producing {{convert|168|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|305|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Answering customer requests for more power, the American market GS 400 (UZS160) was equipped with the 4.0-liter ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ|1UZ-FE]]'' V8 that produced {{convert|224|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|310|ftlb|Nm|order=flip}} of torque. Both models featured a five-speed automatic transmission with the GS 400 receiving steering wheel shift buttons. As with the S140 series, no turbocharged variants were offered outside Japan. The 5.7 second {{cvt|0|-|60|mph}} time of the GS 400 prompted Lexus marketing to claim that the GS was the world's fastest production sedan at its introduction in 1997.<ref name="relentless" /><ref name="motortrend">{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/1998-lexus-gs-400/|title=1998 Lexus GS 400 - First Test|date=2 November 1997 |access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> 

Lexus promoted the arrival of the second generation GS sedan with the tagline, "Something Wicked This Way Comes".<ref name="Krebs"/> Compared to its predecessor, the second generation GS sedan was a much bigger success, with sales reaching 30,622 vehicles in its first year, increasing in the second, and stabilizing at 28,079 vehicles by 2000.<ref name="relentless" /> Lexus would keep the second generation vehicle in its lineup for eight years, a longer duration than the prior generation. The U.S. base price for the GS 300 and GS 430 averaged approximately {{USD|38,000}} and {{USD|47,000}} respectively.

The GS was ''[[Motor Trend]]''{{'}}s [[Car of the Year|Import Car of the Year]] for 1998. It also made ''[[Car and Driver]]'' magazine's [[Car and Driver Ten Best|Ten Best list]] for 1998 through 2000. In IIHS frontal crash testing the 1999 and newer GS was given a "Good" overall score.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=118 |title=IIHS-HLDI: Lexus Gs |publisher=IIHS |date=10 April 2006 |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-date=1 August 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801185320/http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=118 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 660
| image1 = Lexus GS 300 rear 20071026.jpg
| caption1 = Pre-facelift Lexus GS 300 (Europe)
| image2 = Lexus GS 300 SportDesign interior 01.jpg
| caption2 = 2003&ndash;2004 GS 300 interior (JZS160)
| image3 = 1999 Toyota Aristo V300 Vertex Edition 3.0 Front.jpg
| caption3 = Toyota Aristo (Japan)
}}

{{clear left}}

===2000&ndash;2005===

A facelift in 2000, for the 2001 model year was the only major design change of the second generation GS. There was a slightly revised grille, revised tail lights, and subtly tinted [[headlamp]]s on the front end. Xenon headlamps became standard equipment with the V8 engine and optional on six-cylinder cars. More interior wood trim was added, and steering wheel shift buttons were added to the GS 300. The V8 engine also received a 0.3-liter increase in displacement, so the model designation changed to GS 430 (Toyota type code UZS161). Peak power was unchanged, but torque increased to {{convert|325|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The GS 430 took 5.7 seconds to go from {{convert|0|-|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}}.

The Aristo was the last production car that saw the Twin Turbo 2JZ-GTE motor, continuing 3 additional years after the [[Toyota Supra]], the only other vehicle featuring the 2JZ-GTE, was discontinued in 2002.

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 440
|image1=2002 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R MY02) sedan (2015-07-24) 01.jpg
|caption1=2000&ndash;2004 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R; Australia)
|image2=2002 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R MY02) sedan (2015-07-24) 02.jpg
|caption2=2000&ndash;2004 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R; Australia)
}}

{{clear}}

===SportDesign package===

For the 2002 model year, Lexus offered a limited production GS 300 "SportDesign" package for North America;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autointell.com/news/2002|title=Lexus Introduces Two All-New Special Edition Models|website=www.autointell.com |location=US |date=April 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.auto123.com/news/2003 |title=Lexus announces new sportdesign IS 300 and GS 300 |work=Auto123.com |location=Canada |date=March 2003}}</ref> this [[Trim level (automobile)|performance/trim package]] offered the GS 300 the same firmly-tuned suspension and "L-tuned" steering ECU module that were both standard equipment on the GS 430, along with a rear lip spoiler and polished alloy wheels. Other features include special badging, titanium-like HID headlamps, and a chrome grille.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2002|title=Lexus GS 300 handles firmly|publisher=The Washington Times |location=US |date=July 2002}}</ref> The SportDesign package interior-wise added perforated leather upholstery, uniquely branded door sills along with brushed aluminum and dark stained walnut trim. A version of the SportDesign that included Navigation with a [[Mark Levinson Audio Systems|Mark Levinson sound system]] was also offered. The SportDesign trim package was offered from the 2002 through 2003 model years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://importarchive.com/brochure/lexusgs2002_02 |title=GS 300 Sportsdesign |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=February 2002 |access-date=2023-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://importarchive.com/brochure/lexusgs2003_02 |title=The power of 220 horses |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=February 2003 |access-date=2023-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.xr793.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2003-Lexus-GS-Specs.pdf |title=2003 LEXUS GS Specifications |publisher=Lexus |location=US}}</ref>