Editing Lieber Code (section)

===Background===
At military age, the [[jurist]] [[Francis Lieber]] soldiered and fought in two wars, first for [[Prussia]] in the [[Napoleonic Wars]] (18 May 1803 – 20 November 1815) and then in the [[Greek War of Independence]] (21 February 1821 – 12 September 1829) from the [[Ottoman Empire]] (1299–1922). In his later career, Lieber was an academic at the [[College of South Carolina]], in the southern region of United States of America. Although not personally an [[abolitionist]], Lieber opposed slavery in principle and in practice because he had witnessed the brutalities of black [[slavery in the United States|chattel slavery]] in the South, from which he departed for New York City in 1857.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carnahan|first=Burrus M. |title=Lincoln on Trial: Southern Civilians and the Law of War |date=2010|publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |location=United States |page=30}}</ref> In 1860, Professor Lieber taught history and political science at the Columbia Law School, and publicly lectured about the "Laws and Usages of War" proposing that the laws of war correspond to a legitimate purpose for the war.<ref name="NY">Beard, Rick. [http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/the-lieber-codes/ "The Lieber Codes"]. ''The New York Times'', April 24, 2013.</ref>

During that time, Lieber had three sons who fought in the American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865): one in the [[Confederate Army]], who was killed at the [[Battle of Eltham's Landing]] (May 7, 1862), and two in the [[Union Army]]. Later in 1862, in St. Louis, Missouri, while searching for the Union-soldier son wounded at the [[Battle of Fort Donelson]] (February 11–16, 1862), Lieber asked the help of his professional acquaintance Major General [[Henry Halleck|Henry W. Halleck]], who had been a lawyer before the Civil War and was the author of ''International Law, or, Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War'' (1861), a book of political philosophy that emphasized legal correspondence between the ''[[casus belli]]'' and the purpose of the war.<ref name="NY"/>

[[image:Henry Halleck by Scholten, c1865.jpg|thumb|right|Gen. Henry W. Halleck commissioned the jurist Franz Lieber, LL.D., to modernize the military law of the 1806 Articles of War into General Orders No. 100 (1863), the Lieber Code, for the Union Army to fight the guerrilla warfare of the Confederacy during the American Civil War (1861–1865).]]