Editing Line 4 Sheppard (section)

== History ==

===Origins===
The TTC proposed the Sheppard line as part of the [[Network 2011]] transportation plan, unveiled in 1985, which called for a line from Yonge Street to [[Victoria Park Avenue]] on the boundary between North York and Scarborough.<ref>Michael Smith. "$2.7{{nbsp}}Billion Metro transit plan called affordable." ''Toronto Star''. May 29, 1985. pg. A1</ref> The plan was approved by [[Metropolitan Toronto]], but funding was delayed by the provincial government of [[David Peterson]]'s [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal Party]].

In 1993, the governing [[Ontario New Democratic Party|New Democratic Party]] (NDP) under [[Bob Rae]] proposed provincial funding for four subway/LRT projects for the TTC. Included in these four proposals were plans to build new subway lines along [[Eglinton Avenue|Eglinton]] and Sheppard Avenues and work was begun on both projects.<ref>Royson James. "Deciding which train to take." ''Toronto Star''." March 8, 1994. pg. A15</ref> The NDP was defeated in the [[1995 Ontario general election|1995 provincial election]] and the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservatives]] under [[Mike Harris]] were elected. Shortly afterwards, Harris cancelled the [[Eglinton West line|Eglinton subway]] in [[York, Ontario|York]] (though it would be later revived as [[Line 5 Eglinton]], albeit as a light rail line with two long underground sections) but continued work on the Sheppard line.

Funding for the Sheppard line was initially rejected by city council.{{clarify|which city council?|date=May 2015}} However, after a number of votes on different alterations to the project (including only building the subway line as far as [[Leslie Street]]<!--Don't bypass redirect per [[WP:NOTBROKEN]]-->), the proposal to build the Sheppard line tunnels only, without tracks, was passed by a narrow margin. After this vote passed city council, a re-vote was taken on the entire Sheppard line project to Don Mills, which then passed by a very narrow margin. James Bow, a Toronto transit reporter, documented that the political clout of North York mayor [[Mel Lastman]] (he was later elected mayor of the [[Amalgamation of Toronto|amalgamated City of Toronto]] in 1998) was crucial to the Sheppard line proposal being implemented.<ref>[http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5110.shtml "The Sheppard Subway – Transit Toronto – Content"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328084113/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5110.shtml |date=March 28, 2013}}.</ref> Councillor [[Joe Pantalone]] strongly supported the line, arguing it was a matter of civic equity and that the suburbs deserved good transit, which would{{snd}}in his opinion{{snd}}bring [[transit-oriented development]] to densify the suburbs.<ref name="morrow">{{cite web |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/lessons-from-torontos-sheppard-subway-line/article5402731/ |title=Lessons from Toronto's Sheppard subway line |first=Adrian |last=Morrow |work=The Globe and Mail |date=November 16, 2012 |access-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430070344/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/lessons-from-torontos-sheppard-subway-line/article5402731/ |archive-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> [[David L. Gunn]], who was general manager of the TTC, opposed the Sheppard line, saying that it "made no sense to build an expensive new subway when the existing system was strapped for cash to make basic repairs" and "if the city wanted to expand transit, it would be better to do it downtown, easing congestion in the busiest parts of the system".<ref name="morrow" />

===Completion and opening===
[[File:Sheppard Yonge Platform 02.jpg|thumb|left|The roughed-in [[Spanish solution]] island platform in [[Sheppard–Yonge station]]]]
The Sheppard line was opened on November 22, 2002. It was the city's first new subway line since the opening of the [[Line 2 Bloor–Danforth|Bloor–Danforth line]] in 1966.<ref name="star2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/toronto-star/20161119/282656097044749 |title=November 22, 2002: The Sheppard Subway Line opens its doors |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=November 19, 2016 |first=Sophie |last=Van Bastelaer |access-date=November 21, 2016 |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121171806/https://www.pressreader.com/canada/toronto-star/20161119/282656097044749 |url-status=live}}</ref> It remained the newest subway infrastructure in Toronto for 15 years until the opening of the [[Toronto–York Spadina subway extension]] in 2017. It is shorter than had been planned, running from [[Yonge Street]] (at the former Sheppard station, renamed Sheppard–Yonge when the Sheppard line opened) east to Don Mills Road rather than further west to [[Sheppard West station|Downsview station]] (renamed Sheppard West in May 2017 to prevent confusion with [[Downsview Park station]]) and southeast to the former [[Scarborough Centre station]]. Downsview station had been built in 1996, ostensibly with the intention of being the western terminus of the Sheppard line before the line was truncated.

The Sheppard line cost just under [[Canadian dollar|C$]]1{{nbsp}}billion and took eight years to build. It is the first subway line in Canada that had plain tunnel sections built entirely by [[tunnel boring machine]]. The Sheppard line is the only subway line in Toronto that does not have any open sections. All stations on the line were constructed using the [[cut-and-cover]]<!--Don't bypass redirect per [[WP:NOTBROKEN]]--> method, with the expansion of Sheppard station having required an S-shaped diversion of Yonge Street during construction. Just east of [[Leslie station]], there is an enclosed concrete bridge over the east branch of the [[Don River (Ontario)|Don River]].

It was the first line to have accessible elevators at every station.<ref name="star2016" /> The automated system to announce each station was installed in January 2006.

Its stations were built to accommodate the TTC's standard subway trains of six {{convert|23|m|ft|0|adj=on}} cars, but part of each platform was blocked off since only four-car trains are needed to carry the amount of traffic on the line. The line was designed so that it can be extended at both ends, allowing for the construction of westward and eastward branches that had been planned. Likewise, the Sheppard line level of Sheppard–Yonge station was constructed with a roughed-in [[Spanish solution]] platform layout in anticipation of increased ridership, though in practice, the island platform is unused and only has advertising on the columns.

[[Platform screen doors]] were proposed for the Sheppard line. Installed at the edge of the platforms, platform screen doors would have aligned themselves with the subway-car doors when trains were in station for safety and suicide prevention. The proposed system was dropped because of its cost.

===Rolling stock===
From its opening in November 2002 to May 2016, the line was operated solely with four-car [[T series (Toronto subway)|T1]] subway trains, with two staff members operating the trains – one driver and one guard who operated the doors. On May 30, 2016, new four-car [[Toronto Rocket]] (TR) subway trains were introduced on this line. They replaced the older T1 subway trains, which were moved to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. The TRs are based on [[Bombardier Transportation]]'s [[Bombardier Movia|Movia]]<!--Don't bypass redirect per [[WP:NOTBROKEN]]-->-styled train sets and are the first TTC trains which have no separators between the cars. This allows passengers to walk freely from one end to the other, unlike Toronto's previous subway cars. The change to TR trains was necessary because Line 4 trains are based in [[Davisville Yard]], which is accessed via [[Line 1 Yonge–University]]. Line 1 was converted to operate using an [[automatic train control]] system, with the conversion finishing in September 2022.<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29">{{cite web |date=September 29, 2022 |title=TTC's Line 1 now running on an ATC signalling system |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/September/TTCs-Line-1-now-running-on-an-ATC-signalling-system |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929194155/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/September/TTCs-Line-1-now-running-on-an-ATC-signalling-system |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |access-date=December 13, 2022 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/sheppard-subway-line-gets-new-toronto-rocket-trains-1.3607811 |title=Sheppard subway line gets new Toronto Rocket trains |work=CBC News |date=May 30, 2016 |access-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004152256/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/sheppard-subway-line-gets-new-toronto-rocket-trains-1.3607811 |archive-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref> From October 9, 2016, Line 4 has been served entirely by four-car TR trains, which are operated by one staff member who both drives the train and operates the doors, similar to the model that was in use on the former [[Line 3 Scarborough]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cp24.com/news/ttc-switching-to-single-operator-model-for-line-4-subway-as-of-oct-9-1.3091153 |title=TTC switching to single-operator model for Line 4 subway as of Oct. 9 |website=CP24 |last=Fox |first=Chris |date=September 27, 2016 |access-date=June 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927200936/http://www.cp24.com/news/ttc-switching-to-single-operator-model-for-line-4-subway-as-of-oct-9-1.3091153 |archive-date=September 27, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murno |first=Steve |date=November 10, 2022 |title=TTC Service Changes Effective November 20, 2022 (Updated) |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2022/11/10/ttc-service-changes-effective-november-20-2022/ |access-date=December 13, 2022 |website=Steve Munro |language=en |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214010856/https://stevemunro.ca/2022/11/10/ttc-service-changes-effective-november-20-2022/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Residential development===
[[File:Bessarion Community Centre - 20210530B.jpg|thumb|[[Concord Park Place]] transit-oriented residential development under construction by [[Bessarion station]], 2021]]
From its opening in 2002 to 2014, the Sheppard line spurred over $1{{nbsp}}billion of construction of new housing,<ref name="Metro-2014-12-04" /> including several high-rise condominium towers, along its route as [[transit-oriented development]]s. Since 2000, condominium towers have been built around all five stations on the line, with most of the new developments being centred around Bayview and Bessarion stations.<ref name="morrow" /> The Daniels Corporation built a six-tower condominium development, called NY Towers, north of [[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] between Bayview and Bessarion stations; Arc Condominiums on the northeast corner of [[Bayview Avenue]] and Sheppard Avenue; and terraced condos just east of their NY Towers. Shane Baghai built a multi-tower development in the area.

In 2007, Leslie and [[Bessarion station]]s were the least-used stations in the system;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/11/24/still_a_subway_to_nowhere.html |title=Still a subway to nowhere? |work=Toronto Star |first=Ivor |last=Tossell |date=November 24, 2007 |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829162226/https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/11/24/still_a_subway_to_nowhere.html |url-status=live}}</ref> in 2015, four of twenty planned buildings of Concord Adex Investments' condominium complex, [[Concord Park Place]], located between these two stations, had been completed.<ref name="post">{{cite web |last=McDowell |first=Adam |date=November 9, 2012 |title=Sheppard subway gets moving |url=https://nationalpost.com/life/homes/condos/sheppard-subway-gets-moving |access-date=February 10, 2017 |work=National Post}}</ref> The complex is developed on the site of a former [[Canadian Tire]] warehouse/distribution centre, though Canadian Tire retains a retail location there. There is also development around Swedish furniture chain [[IKEA]] and [[McDonald's Canada|McDonald's]] in the immediate area.

===Ridership===

From late 2002 to 2011, ridership on the Sheppard subway rose from about 10.7{{nbsp}}million riders annually to a peak of 15.9{{nbsp}}million. The following table shows the typical number of customer trips made on the Sheppard subway on an average weekday.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!2007/2008
!2008/2009
!2009/2010
!2010/2011
!2011/2012
!2012/2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2018
!2022
|-
!Ridership
|45,860<ref>{{cite web|title="Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership 2007–2008"|url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/subway_ridership_2007-2008.pdf|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission|access-date=July 17, 2013|archive-date=March 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315235052/http://www3.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/subway_ridership_2007-2008.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|45,410<ref>{{Cite web|title="Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership 2008–2009"|url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2008-2009.pdf|access-date=July 17, 2013|archive-date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404020642/http://www3.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2008-2009.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|47,700<ref>{{Cite web|title="Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership 2009–2010"|url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2009-2010.pdf}}</ref>
|49,150<ref>{{Cite web|title="Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership 2010–2011"|url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2010-2011.pdf}}</ref>
|50,410<ref>{{Cite web|title="Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership 2011–2012"|url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2011-2012.pdf}}</ref>
|49,440<ref>{{Cite web|title="Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership 2012–2013"|url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2012-2013.pdf|access-date=November 26, 2014|archive-date=February 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207121743/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway_ridership_2012-2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|47,680<ref>{{cite web|title=Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership, 2014|url=https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%202014.pdf|access-date=November 18, 2017|website=[[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]]|archive-date=July 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726090427/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%202014.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|49,070<ref>{{cite web|title=Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership, 2015|url=https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%202015.pdf|access-date=November 18, 2017|website=[[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]]|archive-date=March 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313103209/https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%202015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|47,780<ref>{{cite web|title=Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership, 2016|url=https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%202016.pdf|access-date=August 10, 2018|website=[[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]]|archive-date=July 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726084723/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%202016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|50,150<ref name="r2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%20-%202018.pdf|title=Toronto Transit Commission Subway ridership, 2018 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=November 6, 2023 |archive-date=January 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126084925/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Subway%20ridership%20-%202018.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|39,482<ref name="r2022"/>
|}
Note: 2017 figures, as well as figures between 2019 and 2021, are unavailable.