Editing List of particles (section)

=== Fermions ===
[[Fermion]]s are one of the two fundamental classes of particles, the other being [[boson]]s. Fermion particles are described by [[Fermi–Dirac statistics]] and have [[quantum numbers]] described by the [[Pauli exclusion principle]]. They include the [[quarks]] and [[leptons]], as well as any [[composite particles]] consisting of an odd number of these, such as all [[baryons]] and many atoms and nuclei.

Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is {{sfrac|1|2}}''ħ''. All known fermions except [[neutrinos]], are also [[Dirac fermion]]s; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct [[antiparticle]]. It is not known whether the [[neutrino]] is a [[Dirac fermion]] or a [[Majorana fermion]].<ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=1012.4469|last1=Kayser|first1=Boris|title=Two Questions About Neutrinos|class=hep-ph|year=2010}}</ref> Fermions are the basic building blocks of all [[matter]]. They are classified according to whether they interact via the [[strong interaction]] or not. In the Standard Model, there are 12 types of elementary fermions: six [[quark]]s and six [[lepton]]s.

==== Quarks ====
[[Quark]]s are the fundamental constituents of [[hadron]]s and interact via the [[strong force]]. Quarks are the only known carriers of [[fractional charge]], but because they combine in groups of three quarks (baryons) or in pairs of one quark and one [[antiquark]] (mesons), only integer charge is observed in nature. Their respective [[antiparticle]]s are the [[antiquark]]s, which are identical except that they carry the opposite electric charge (for example the up quark carries charge +{{sfrac|2|3}}''e'', while the up antiquark carries charge −{{sfrac|2|3}}''e''), color charge, and baryon number. There are six [[flavor (particle physics)|flavors]] of quarks; the three positively charged quarks are called "up-type quarks" while the three negatively charged quarks are called "down-type quarks".

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center"
|+Quarks
|-
! Generation !! Name !! Symbol !! Antiparticle !! Spin{{br}}{{bracket|[[reduced Planck constant|''ħ'']]}} !! Charge{{br}}{{bracket|[[elementary charge|''e'']]}} !! data-sort-type="number"|Mass<ref name="PDG Light Quarks">{{cite web |title=Light quarks (u, d, s)|url=https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=Q123&init=0 |website=pdglive.lbl.gov |publisher=Particle Data Group |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="PDG Charm Quark">{{cite web |title=c quark|url=https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=Q004&init=0 |website=pdglive.lbl.gov |publisher=Particle Data Group |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="PDG Bottom Quark">{{cite web |title=b quark|url=https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=Q005&init=0 |website=pdglive.lbl.gov |publisher=Particle Data Group |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="PDG Top Quark">{{cite web |title=t quark|url=https://pdglive.lbl.gov/Particle.action?node=Q007&init=0 |website=pdglive.lbl.gov |publisher=Particle Data Group |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>{{br}}{{bracket|[[electronvolt|MeV]]/[[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>2</sup>}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 1
| [[Up quark|up]] || u || {{Subatomic particle|up antiquark}}
|data-sort-value="1"|{{sfrac|1|2}} || +{{sfrac|2|3}} || {{val|2.16|0.07}}
|-
| [[Down quark|down]] || d || {{Subatomic particle|down antiquark}}
|data-sort-value="2"|{{sfrac|1|2}} || −{{sfrac|1|3}} || {{val|4.70|0.07}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 2
| [[Charm quark|charm]] || c || {{Subatomic particle|charm antiquark}}
|data-sort-value="3"|{{sfrac|1|2}} || +{{sfrac|2|3}} || {{val|1,273.0|4.6}}
|-
| [[Strange quark|strange]] || s || {{Subatomic particle|strange antiquark}}
|data-sort-value="4"|{{sfrac|1|2}} || −{{sfrac|1|3}} || {{val|93.5|0.8}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 3
| [[Top quark|top]] || t || {{Subatomic particle|top antiquark}}
|data-sort-value="5"|{{sfrac|1|2}} || +{{sfrac|2|3}} || {{val|172570|290}}
|-
| [[Bottom quark|bottom]] || b || {{Subatomic particle|bottom antiquark}}
|data-sort-value="6"|{{sfrac|1|2}} || −{{sfrac|1|3}} || {{val|4,183|7}}
|}

==== Leptons ====
[[Lepton]]s do not interact via the [[strong interaction]]. Their respective [[antiparticle]]s are the [[antilepton]]s, which are identical, except that they carry the opposite electric charge and lepton number. The antiparticle of an [[electron]] is an antielectron, which is almost always called a "[[positron]]" for historical reasons. There are six leptons in total; the three charged leptons are called "electron-like leptons", while the neutral leptons are called "[[neutrino]]s". Neutrinos are known to [[neutrino oscillation|oscillate]], so that neutrinos of definite [[flavour (particle physics)|flavor]] do not have definite mass: instead, they exist in a superposition of mass [[eigenstate]]s. The hypothetical heavy right-handed neutrino, called a "[[sterile neutrino]]", has been omitted.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center"
|+Leptons
|-
! Generation !! Name !! Symbol !! Antiparticle !! Spin{{br}}{{bracket|[[reduced Planck constant|''ħ'']]}} !! Charge{{br}}{{bracket|[[elementary charge|''e'']]}} !! Mass<ref name="PDG2016">{{cite journal |title=Review of Particle Physics |author=Particle Data Group |journal=Chinese Physics C |volume=40 |issue=10|pages=100001 |year=2016 |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001 |bibcode=2016ChPhC..40j0001P |hdl=1983/c6dc3926-daee-4d0e-9149-5ff3a8120574 |s2cid=125766528 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2241948|hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{br}}{{bracket|[[electronvolt|MeV]]/[[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>2</sup>}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 1
| [[electron]] || {{Subatomic particle|electron}} || {{Subatomic particle|positron}}
|data-sort-value="4"| {{sfrac| 1 |2}} || −1 || 0.511{{refn|group=note|
A precise value of the electron mass is {{physconst|mec2_MeV|unit={{val|u=MeV/c2}}.}}
}}
|-
| [[electron neutrino]] || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|electron neutrino}}}} || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|electron antineutrino}}}}
|data-sort-value="1"| {{sfrac| 1 |2}} || &nbsp;&thinsp;0 || {{nowrap| < 0.0000022}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 2
| [[muon]] || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|muon}}}} || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|antimuon}}}}
|data-sort-value="5"| {{sfrac| 1 |2}} || −1 || 105.7{{refn|group=note|
A precise value of the muon mass is {{physconst|mmuc2_MeV|unit={{val|u=MeV/c2}}.}}
}}
|-
| [[muon neutrino]] || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|muon neutrino}}}} || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|muon antineutrino}}}}
|data-sort-value="2"| {{sfrac| 1 |2}} || &nbsp;&thinsp;0 || {{nowrap| < 0.170}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 3
| [[Tau (particle)|tau]] || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|tau}}}} || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|antitau}}}}
|data-sort-value="3"| {{sfrac| 1 |2}} || −1 || {{val|1,776.86|0.12}}
|-
| [[tau neutrino]] || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|tau neutrino}}}} || {{math|{{Subatomic particle|tau antineutrino}}}}
|data-sort-value="6"| {{sfrac| 1 |2}} || &nbsp;&thinsp;0 || {{nowrap| < 15.5}}
|}
{{reflist|group=note}}