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Lower Normandy
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==History== :''Regions relating to Lower Normandy: [[Gallia Lugdunensis]], [[Neustria]], and [[Normandy]].'' The traditional province of Normandy, with an integral history reaching back to the 10th century, was divided in 1956 into two regions: Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy. During the Roman era, the region was divided into several different city-states. That of [[Vieux, Calvados|Vieux]] was excavated in the 17th century, revealing numerous structures and vestiges bearing testimony to the prosperity of the [[Caen]] region. The region was conquered by the [[Franks]] in the 5th century. In the 9th century, the [[Normans|Norman]] conquests devastated the region. Much of the territory of Lower Normandy was added to the Duchy of Normandy in the 10th century. In 1066, [[William I of England|Duke William Il of Normandy]] conquered [[England]]. He was buried in Caen. After his death, Normandy went to his eldest son and [[England]] went to his second son, separating the two possessions. [[File:N cherbourg.jpg|thumb|[[Napoleon I of France]] and Marie Louise attending a [[Review (disambiguation)|naval review]] in [[Cherbourg]] in 1811]] The victory of [[Battle of Tinchebray|Tinchebray]] in 1106 gave Normandy to the kings of [[England]] again. Nearly one hundred years later, in 1204, King [[Philip II Augustus]] of France conquered the region, apart from the [[Channel Islands]]. Then, during the [[Hundred Years' War]], it was regained by the [[Plantagenets]]. However, the French recovered the mainland part of the region between 1436 and 1450. By 1453, the [[French monarchy]] controlled much of modern France apart from [[Calais]], which remained in English hands. During the [[World War II|Second World War]], the main thrust of [[Operation Overlord]] was focused on Lower Normandy. The beaches of Calvados were the site of the [[D-Day]] landings in June 1944. Lower Normandy suffered badly during the War, with many of its towns and villages being destroyed or badly damaged during the [[Invasion of Normandy|Battle of Normandy]].
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