Editing Lysippos (section)

== Career and legacy ==
Lysippos was successor in contemporary repute to the famous sculptor [[Polykleitos]]. Among the works attributed to him are the so-called [[Horses of Saint Mark]], ''Eros Stringing the Bow'' (of which various copies exist, the best in the [[British Museum]]), ''Agias'' (known through the marble copy found and preserved in [[Delphi]]), the similar ''[[Oil Pourer]]'' ([[Dresden]] and [[Munich]]), the ''[[Farnese Hercules]]'' (which was originally placed in the [[Baths of Caracalla]], although the surviving marble copy lies in the [[Naples National Archaeological Museum]]) and ''[[Apoxyomenos]]'' (or ''The Scraper'', known from a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] marble copy in the [[Vatican Museums]]). Lysippos was also famous for his bronze colossal sculptures of Zeus, 17 metres tall, and Herakles, seven meters seated, both from the city of [[Taranto|Taras]]. The only remaining version of one such statue is a Roman copy of ''The Weary Herakles (Farnese Hercules)'', by Glykon, <ref>Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History: Ancient Art. Prentice Hall, 2011.</ref> with heavy musculature typical of early third century Rome.

===Canon of Lysippos===
{{see also|Polykleitos#Canon of Polykleitos}}
Lysippos developed a more [[wikt:gracile|gracile]] style than his predecessor [[Polykleitos]] and this has become known as the '''Canon of Lysippos'''.<ref name=Waldstein>{{cite book| url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_9097300_000/ldpd_9097300_000.pdf | page= 18 | quote=The canon of Polykleitos was heavy and square, his statues were {{lang|la|quadrata signa}}, the canon of Lysippos was more slim, less fleshy | title= Praxiteles and the Hermes with the Dionysos-child from the Heraion in Olympia | author = Charles Waldstein, PhD. | date= 17 December 1879}}</ref> In his {{lang|la|[[Natural History (Pliny)|Historia Naturalis]]}}, [[Pliny the elder]] wrote that Lysippos introduced a new [[Aesthetic canon|canon]] into art: {{lang|la|capita minora faciendo quam antiqui, corpora graciliora siccioraque, per qum proceritas signorum major videretur,}}<ref>{{cite book| title = {{lang|la|Historia Naturalis}} |chapter= XXXIV 65 | author =Pliny the Elder}} cited in Waldstein (1879)</ref>{{efn|'he made the heads of his statues smaller than the ancients, and defined the hair especially, making the bodies more slender and sinewy by which the height of the figure seemed greater'<ref>{{cite book  | title = A manual of ancient sculpture: Egyptian{{ndash}}Assyrian{{ndash}}Greek{{ndash}}Roman | author =George Redford, [[FRCS]]. |url=https://brittlebooks.library.illinois.edu/brittlebooks_open/Books2009-08/redfge0001mananc/redfge0001mananc.pdf |page= 193 | chapter= Lysippos and Macedonian Art}}</ref>}} signifying "a canon of bodily proportions essentially different from that of Polykleitos".<ref>{{cite book| url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/61792/61792-h/61792-h.htm |page= 136 |title= Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art |author= Walter Woodburn Hyde |publisher = the Carnegie Institution of Washington |location = Washington | year= 1921}}</ref> Lysippos is credited with having established the '[[Body proportions#Ratios|eight heads high]]' canon of [[body proportions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/hercules#:~:text=The%20influence%20of%20works%20by%20Lysippos |title =Hercules: The influence of works by Lysippos | quote=In the fourth century BCE, Lysippos drew up a canon of proportions for a more elongated figure that that defined by Polykleitos in the previous century. According to Lysippos, the height of the head should be one-eighth the height of the body, and not one-seventh, as Polykleitos recommended. | publisher = The [[Louvre]] | location = Paris | access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref>