Editing Mahmud I (section)

==Reign==
===Accession===
On 28 September 1730, [[Patrona Halil]] with a small group of fellow [[Janissary|Janissaries]] aroused some of the citizens of [[Constantinople]] who opposed the reforms of [[Ahmed III]].<ref name="Shaws">Shaw, Stanford J. and Shaw, Ezel Kural (1976) ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, volume 1: Empire of the Gazis: the rise and decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 240, {{ISBN|0-521-21280-4}}</ref> Sweeping up more soldiers Halil led the riot to the [[Topkapı Palace]] and demanded the death of the grand vizer, [[Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha]] and the abdication of Ahmed III. Ahmed III acceded to the demands, had İbrahim Pasha strangled, and agreed to his nephew, Mahmud, becoming sultan.<ref name="Shaws"/>

Mahmud's real reign began on 25 November 1730, after this incident.  First of all, [[Istanbul]] was taken under strict control. Measures were taken. About two thousand suspicious people were captured, some were executed, some were exiled.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=311}}

===Mahmud's rule===
Mahmud I was recognized as sultan by the mutineers as well as by court officials but for some weeks after his accession the empire was in the hands of the insurgents. Halil rode with the new sultan to the [[Eyüp Sultan Mosque|Mosque of Eyüb]] where the ceremony of girding Mahmud I with the [[Sword of Osman]] was performed; many of the chief officers were deposed and successors to them appointed at the dictation of the bold rebel who had served in the ranks of the Janissaries and who appeared before the sultan bare-legged and in his old uniform of a common soldier. A Greek butcher, named Yanaki, had formerly given credit to Halil and had lent him money during the three days of the insurrection. Halil showed his gratitude by compelling the Divan to make Yanaki [[Hospodar]] of Moldavia. However, Yanaki never took charge of this office.

The Khan of the Crimea assisted the [[Grand Vizier]], the [[Mufti]] and the [[Agha (Ottoman Empire)|Aga]] of the Janissaries in putting down the rebellion. On 24 November 1731, Halil was strangled by the sultan's order<ref name="Shaws"/> and in his presence, after a Divan in which Halil had dictated that war be declared against Russia. His Greek friend, Yanaki, and 7,000 of those who had supported him were also put to death.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} The jealousy which the officers of the Janissaries felt towards Halil, and their readiness to aid in his destruction, facilitated the exertions of Mahmud I's supporters in putting an end to the rebellion after it had lasted over a year.

The Austrian ambassador, who came to [[Istanbul]] in August 1740, was given a [[feast|dinner]] in Davudpaşa. Çavuşbaşı took the ambassador and took him to his mansion prepared in Beyoğlu.  On the day of the Ulufe Court, he presented his name to the Sultan. Various demonstrations were held in places where welcome and farewell ceremonies were held for the ambassador from Yeniköy Pier.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=316}}

The rest of Mahmud I's reign was dominated by wars in [[Persia]], with the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)|collapsing Safavid dynasty]] and the [[Ottoman-Persian War (1743-1746)|ascendance of]] Nader Shah. Mahmud also faced a notable war in Europe—the [[Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735–1739)]].

After the condemnation of Freemasonry by [[Pope Clement XII]] in 1738, he followed suit outlawing the organization and since that time Freemasonry was equated with [[atheism]] in the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the broader Islamic world.<ref name=FitIW>Layiktez, Cecil "[http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez1.html Freemasonry in the Islamic World]", Pietre-Stones Review of Freemasonry, 1996</ref>

Mahmud I entrusted government to his [[vizier]]s and spent much of his time composing poetry.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

===Fires of 1750===
The fire that started at the Ayazma gate in January 1750 lasted for 19 hours. Numerous shops, houses, and mansions burned until the fire reached [[Vefa]] district. The sultan dismissed Boynueğri Abdullah Pasha and appointed Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha on 9 January 1750.  In the second fire that broke out on 31 March 1750, Bitpazan, Abacılar, Yorgancılar, Yağlıkcılar, Haffaflar were completely burned. The fire spread to Fingerkapi and Tatlikuyu. The sultan, with the help of the [[Defterdar|treasury]], repaired the burned down areas.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=321}}