Editing Matica srpska (section)

==History==
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[[Image:Wiki.Vojvodina II Matica srpska 278.jpg|thumb|left|Building of Matica srpska]]
[[Image:Matica_srpska_Constitution_first_page_1864.jpg|thumb|First page of the first 1826 Matica srpska Constitution]]
Of all the Slavic [[matica]]s, ''Matica Srpska'' was the first to be established in the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] at the time of a [[Serbian Revival|Serb national and cultural awakening]].<ref>Srbi u Vojvodini, Том 2 by Dušan J. Popović, Matica srpska, 1990, pg. 3<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>

[[File:Matica Srpska Charter.jpg|thumb|Matica Srpska Charter]]
During the national awakening from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, the Serbs of the [[Serbian Vojvodina]] played a significant role as, though "by force of historical circumstance, they formed at this period the core of Serb intellectual life".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4206745|jstor=4206745|last1=Herrity|first1=Peter|title=The Role of the Matica and Similar Societies in the Development of the Slavonic Literary Languages|journal=The Slavonic and East European Review|year=1973|volume=51|issue=124|pages=368–386}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29781177|jstor = 29781177|title = The Matica Srpska and Serbian Cultural Development|last1 = Price|first1 = Robert F.|journal = The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress|year = 1965|volume = 22|issue = 3|pages = 259–264}}</ref> One of the most important tasks facing the Serbs, in advancing cultural-national rebirth, was the solution of the literary language problem, and, as a result of the first fifty years of the 19th century, saw the [[Serbs in Vojvodina|Vojvodina Serbs]] engaged in an intense debate about the kind of literary language that their newly revitalized, emerging nation should adopt.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40867336|jstor = 40867336|title = Problems of Serbo-Croatian Lexicography|last1 = Benson|first1 = Morton|journal = Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes|year = 1978|volume = 20|issue = 3|pages = 297–306|doi = 10.1080/00085006.1978.11091529|url-access = subscription}}</ref>

For the Slavic people, as well as the non-Slavs, under the Habsburg Empire, the ''Matica'' foundation fomented the development of national cultures. Indeed, the oldest is Matica srpska founded in 1826 in Pest by [[Jovan Hadžić]] and his business backers, [[Josif Milovuk]] (1793–1850), [[Jovan Demetrović]] (1778–1830), [[Gavrilo Bozitovac]] (1789–1856), [[Andrej Rozmirović]], [[Petar Rajić]], and [[Djordje Stanković]] (1782–1853) at the same time as the [[Hungarian Academy]] was being built. [[Jovan Hadžić]] prepared its by-laws, secured its charter, and also served as its first president while Josif Milovuk served as its first secretary. In addition to books, it published the journal ''Serbski letopis'', founded two years earlier by [[Georgije Magarašević]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-hu/istorija/matica_srpska/istorijams.html|title=Rastko Budimpesta|website=www.rastko.rs|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref> [[Pavel Jozef Šafárik]], and [[Lukijan Mušicki]] in [[Novi Sad]], where Magarašević was professor and Šafárik the director of Novi Sad's Serbian [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]].

The story of the ''Matica Srpska'' actually began in 1824,<ref name=MS/> when the Austrian authorities permitted writer [[Georgije Magarašević]], a professor at a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in the town of [[Novi Sad]], to publish a literary and scholarly journal entitled ''"Serbski letopis"'' (''"Serbian Annals"'').<ref>name=MS</ref> Magarašević had little financial backing but soon found benefactors who supported his efforts. In time, the writers and editors of the publication developed into a learned society, successfully overcoming pressures applied by mistrustful Austrian officials as well as later financial difficulties. With varying degrees of success but with great perseverance, it has continued to support and guide Serb intellectual endeavor, first, as a part of the [[Habsburg Empire]] and much later as part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes]].

In 1838, a wealthy Serb landowner, [[Sava Tekelija]], left the ''Matica'' a legacy to support Serbian students at the [[University of Pest]] and a college named after him, [[Sava Tekelija|Tekelijanum]] (''Tokolyanum'' in Hungarian). The Hungarian authorities were suspicious of the ''Matica'' and even suspended its activities in 1835–1836 for alleged pan-Slavism, but they resisted Serb efforts to move the institution to Novi Sad. In 1863 the move was nevertheless accomplished, and the ''Matica'', as well as the journal ''Letopis'', is flourishing there today.

The ''Matica Srpska'' Society was one of the initiators of the [[Novi Sad agreement]] on the [[Serbo-Croatian language]] (1954), and it led the action for making the unique orthography of the language (1960). They compiled ''The Vocabulary of Serbian Standard Literary Language'' in six volumes (1967–76).<ref name="dml.rs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dml.rs/index.php/lat/tekstovi-lat/leksikografija-lat/79-recnici-savremenog-srpskog-jezika-lat|title = Društvo mladih lingvista - Rečnici savremenog srpskog jezika}}</ref>

In [[Yugoslavia]], ''Matica Srpska'' was one half of a joint project (with [[Matica hrvatska]]) to develop a common [[Serbo-Croatian]] dictionary. Mid-way through the project (1967), Matica hrvatska, by the declaration of principles about the Croatian language, withdrew, and Matica srpska was left to finish the dictionary on her own.<ref name="dml.rs"/>

''Matica Srpska'' has been an example to many Slavic nations. Based on this model the following institutions were established: Czech Matica in 1831, Illyrian Matica in 1842 (in 1874 renamed to Matica hrvatska); Matica Lužičkosrpska in 1847, Halych-Russian Matica in [[Lviv]] in 1848; Moravian Matica in 1849; Matica Dalmatinska in [[Zadar]] in 1861; [[Slovak Matica]] in 1863; [[Slovenian Matica]] in 1864; Matica Opava in 1877; Matica in the Teschen Princedom in 1898. (from which Silesian Matica came to be in 1968); Polish Matica in [[Lviv]] (1882); Educational Matica in the Teschen Princedom in 1885; Educational Matica in [[Warsaw]] in 1905; Bulgarian Matica in [[Constantinople]] in 1909 and the new Bulgarian Matica in 1989.