Editing Maya calendar (section)

==Tzolkʼin==
{{Main|Tzolkʼin}}

The ''[[tzolkʼin]]'' (in modern Maya [[orthography]]; also commonly written ''tzolkin'') is the name commonly employed by Mayanist researchers for the Maya Sacred Round or 260-day calendar. The word ''tzolkʼin'' is a [[neologism]] coined in [[Yucatec Maya language|Yucatec Maya]], to mean "count of days" (Coe 1992). The various names of this calendar as used by precolumbian Maya people are still debated by scholars. The [[Aztec]] calendar equivalent was called ''[[Tōnalpōhualli]]'', in the [[Nahuatl]] language.

The tzolkʼin calendar combines twenty day names with the thirteen day numbers to produce 260 unique days. It is used to determine the time of religious and ceremonial events and for divination. Each successive day is numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting again at 1. Separately from this, every day is given a name in sequence from a list of 20 day names:

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; border:none;"
|+ Tzolkʼin calendar: named days and associated [[glyph]]s
! Seq.<br/>Num. <sup>1</sup>
! Day<br/>Name <sup>2</sup>
! Glyph<br/> example <sup>3</sup>
! 16th-c.<br/>Yucatec <sup>4</sup>
! K'iche'
! Reconstructed<br/>Classic Maya <sup>5</sup>
|rowspan="11"  style="width:1px;; border:none;"|
! Seq.<br/>Num. <sup>1</sup>
! Day<br/>Name <sup>2</sup>
! Glyph<br/> example <sup>3</sup>
! 16th-c.<br/>Yucatec <sup>4</sup>
! Quiché
! Reconstructed<br/>Classic Maya <sup>5</sup>
|-
! 01
|'''Imix''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D01-Imix.png|50px]] ||Imix ||Imox ||Imix (?) / Haʼ (?)
! 11
|'''Chuwen''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D11-Chuwen.png|50px]] ||Chuen ||Bʼatzʼ ||(unknown)
|-
! 02
|'''Ikʼ''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D02-Ik.png|50px]] ||Ik ||Iqʼ ||Ikʼ
! 12
|'''Ebʼ''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D12-Eb.png|50px]] ||Eb ||Eʼ ||(unknown)
|-
! 03
|'''Akʼbʼal''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D03-Akbal.png|50px]] ||Akbal ||Aqʼabʼal ||Akʼbʼal (?)
! 13
|'''Bʼen''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D13-Ben.png|50px]] ||Ben ||Aj ||C'klab{{Clarify|date=March 2019}}
|-
! 04
|'''Kʼan''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D04-Kan.png|50px]] ||Kan ||Kʼat ||Kʼan (?)
! 14
|'''Ix''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D14-Ix.png|50px]] ||Ix ||Iʼx, Balam ||Hix (?)
|-
! 05
|'''Chikchan''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D05-Chikchan.png|50px]] ||Chicchan ||Kan ||(unknown)
! 15
|'''Men''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D15-Men.png|50px]] ||Men ||Tzikin ||Men (?)<ref name="Stuart 2024">{{cite web |last=Stuart |first=David |title=Day Sign Notes: Men / Tz'ikin |website=Maya Decipherment |date=2024-04-19 |url=https://mayadecipherment.com/2024/04/19/day-sign-notes-men/ |access-date=2024-05-01}}</ref>
|-
! 06
|'''Kimi''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D06-Kimi.png|50px]] ||Cimi ||Kame ||Cham (?)
! 16
|'''Kʼibʼ''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D16-Kib.png|50px]] ||Cib ||Ajmaq ||(unknown)
|-
! 07
|'''Manikʼ''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D07-Manik.png|50px]] ||Manik ||Kej ||Manichʼ (?)
! 17
|'''Kabʼan''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D17-Kaban.png|50px]] ||Caban ||Noʼj ||Chabʼ (?)
|-
! 08
|'''Lamat''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D08-Lamat.png|50px]] ||Lamat ||Qʼanil ||Ekʼ (?)
! 18
|'''Etzʼnabʼ''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D18-Etznab.png|50px]] ||Etznab ||Tijax ||(unknown)
|-
! 09
|'''Muluk''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D09-Muluk.png|50px]] ||Muluc ||Toj ||(unknown)
! 19
|'''Kawak''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D19-Kawak.png|50px]] ||Cauac ||Kawoq ||(unknown)
|-
! 10
|'''Ok''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.png|50px]] ||Oc ||Tzʼiʼ ||(unknown)
! 20
|'''Ajaw''' ||[[File:MAYA-g-log-cal-D20-Ajaw.svg|50px]] ||Ahau ||Ajpu ||Ajaw
|-
|colspan="11" |'''''NOTES:'''''
# The sequence number of the named day in the Tzolkʼin calendar
# Day name, in the standardized and revised orthography of the Guatemalan Academia de Lenguas Mayas<ref name="Academia"/>
# An example glyph ([[logogram]]) for the named day. Note that for most of these several different forms are recorded; the ones shown here are typical of carved monumental inscriptions (these are "[[cartouche]]" versions)
# Day name, as recorded from 16th-century [[Yucatec Maya language|Yucatec Maya]] accounts, principally [[Diego de Landa]]; this orthography has (until recently) been widely used
# In most cases, the actual day name as spoken in the time of the Classic Period (c. 200–900) when most inscriptions were made is not known. The versions given here (in [[Classic Maya language|Classic Maya]], the main language of the inscriptions) are reconstructed on the basis of phonological evidence, if available; a '?' symbol indicates the reconstruction is tentative.<ref>Classic-era reconstructions are as per Kettunen and Helmke (2020), pp.&nbsp;56–57.</ref>
|}

Some systems started the count with 1&nbsp;Imix, followed by 2&nbsp;Ikʼ, 3&nbsp;Akʼbʼal, etc. up to 13&nbsp;Bʼen. The day numbers then start again at 1 while the named-day sequence continues onwards, so the next days in the sequence are 1&nbsp;Ix, 2&nbsp;Men, 3&nbsp;Kʼibʼ, 4&nbsp;Kabʼan, 5&nbsp;Etzʼnabʼ, 6&nbsp;Kawak and 7&nbsp;Ajaw. With all twenty named days used, these now began to repeat the cycle while the number sequence continues, so the next day after 7 Ajaw is 8 Imix. The repetition of these interlocking 13- and 20-day cycles therefore takes 260 days to complete (that is, for every possible combination of number/named day to occur once).

The earliest known inscription with a Tzolkʼin is an Olmec earspool with 2&nbsp;Ahau 3&nbsp;Ceh - 6.3.10.9.0, September 2, -678 (Julian astronomical).<ref>{{cite book |last=Edmonson |first=Munro S. |date=1988 |title=The Book of the Year MIDDLE AMERICAN CALENDRICAL SYSTEMS |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=University of Utah Press |page=20 |isbn=0-87480-288-1 }}</ref>