Editing Measles virus (section)

== Replication cycle ==
[[File:Receptors MV.tif|thumb|Measles morbillivirus cell entry receptors.]]
[[File:MV genome.tif|thumb|Measles morbillivirus genome structure]]

=== Entry ===
The measles virus has two envelope [[glycoprotein]]s on the viral surface – [[hemagglutinin]] (H) and [[membrane fusion protein]] (F). These proteins are responsible for host cell binding and invasion. The H protein mediates receptor attachment and the F protein causes fusion of viral envelope and cellular membrane. Additionally, the F protein can cause infected cells to directly fuse with neighboring uninfected cells forming syncytia. Three receptors for the H protein have been identified to date: complement regulatory molecule [[CD46]], the [[signaling lymphocyte activation molecule]] ([[SLAMF1]]) and the cell adhesion molecule [[Nectin]]-4.<ref name="Lu2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lu G, Gao GF, Yan J |date=2013 |title=The receptors and entry of measles virus: a review |journal=Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=1–9| language=zh |pmid=23631113 }}</ref> For wild type and vaccine strains, extracellular domains of [[SLAMF1|CD150 (SLAM or SLAMF1)]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tatsuo|first1=Hironobu|last2=Ono|first2=Nobuyuki|last3=Tanaka|first3=Kotaro|last4=Yanagi|first4=Yusuke|date=24 August 2000|title=SLAM (CDw150) is a cellular receptor for measles virus|journal=Nature|volume=406|issue=6798|pages=893–897|doi=10.1038/35022579|pmid=10972291|bibcode=2000Natur.406..893T|s2cid=4409405|issn=0028-0836}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tatsuo|first1=Hironobu|last2=Yanagi|first2=Yusuke|date=March 2002|title=The Morbillivirus Receptor SLAM (CD150)|journal=Microbiology and Immunology|volume=46|issue=3|pages=135–142|doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02678.x|pmid=12008921|s2cid=30651799|issn=0385-5600|doi-access=free}}</ref> and/or of [[Poliovirus receptor-related 1|nectin-4 (also called Poliovirus-Receptor-Like 4 (PVRL4))]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mühlebach, Michael D Mateo, Mathieu Sinn, Patrick L Prüfer, Steffen Uhlig, Katharina M Leonard, Vincent H J Navaratnarajah, Chanakha K Frenzke, Marie Wong, Xiao X Sawatsky, Bevan Ramachandran, Shyam Mccray Jr, Paul B Cichutek, Klaus Von Messling, Veronika Lopez, Marc Cattaneo, Roberto|title=Adherens junction protein nectin-4 is the epithelial receptor for measles virus.|oclc=806252697}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Noyce|first1=Ryan S.|last2=Richardson|first2=Christopher D.|date=20 June 2012|title=Nectin 4 is the epithelial cell receptor for measles virus|journal=Trends in Microbiology|volume=20|issue=9|pages=429–439|doi=10.1016/j.tim.2012.05.006|pmid=22721863|issn=0966-842X}}</ref> mainly work as cell entry receptors. A minor fraction of wild type virus strains and all modern vaccine strains derived from the Edmonston strain also use [[CD46]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Erlenhöfer|first1=Christian|last2=Duprex|first2=W. Paul|author-link2=William Paul Duprex|last3=Rima|first3=Bert K.|last4=ter Meulen|first4=Volker|last5=Schneider-Schaulies|first5=Jürgen|date=2002-06-01|title=Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus|journal=Journal of General Virology|volume=83|issue=6|pages=1431–1436|doi=10.1099/0022-1317-83-6-1431|pmid=12029158|issn=0022-1317|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lin|first1=Liang-Tzung|last2=Richardson|first2=Christopher|date=2016-09-20|title=The Host Cell Receptors for Measles Virus and Their Interaction with the Viral Hemagglutinin (H) Protein|journal=Viruses|volume=8|issue=9|pages=250|doi=10.3390/v8090250|pmid=27657109|pmc=5035964|issn=1999-4915|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Genome replication and viral assembly ===
Once the virus has entered a host cell, its strand of [[Sense (molecular biology)|negative sense]] [[RNA|ssRNA]] is used as a template to create a positive sense copy using the [[RNA-dependent RNA polymerase]] that's included in the [[Virus|virion]]. Then this copy is used to create a new negative copy, and so on, to create many copies of the ssRNA. The positive sense ssRNA is then mass [[Translation (biology)|translated]] by host [[ribosome]]s, producing all viral proteins. The viruses are then assembled from their proteins and negative sense ssRNA, and the cell will [[Lysis|lyse]], discharging the new viral particles and restarting the cycle.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jiang|first1=Yanliang|last2=Qin|first2=Yali|last3=Chen|first3=Mingzhou|date=2016-11-16|title=Host–Pathogen Interactions in Measles Virus Replication and Anti-Viral Immunity|journal=Viruses|volume=8|issue=11|pages=308|doi=10.3390/v8110308|issn=1999-4915|pmc=5127022|pmid=27854326|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Measles virion.tif|thumb|Measles morbillivirus virion structure]]
[[File:MV life cycle.tif|thumb|Measles morbillivirus life cycle]]