Editing Median language (section)

=== Words ===
Words of Median origin include:

[[Image:Hamadan (Iran) Relief Achamenid Period.JPG|thumb|right|The ''[[Ganj Nameh]]'' ("treasure epistle") in Ecbatana. The inscriptions are by Darius I and his son Xerxes I.]]
*{{lang|xme|*čiθra-|italic=yes}}: "origin".<ref>{{harvnb|Tavernier|2007|p=619}}</ref> The word appears in ''*čiθrabṛzana-'' (med.) "exalting his linage", ''*čiθramiθra-'' (med.) "having mithraic origin", ''*čiθraspāta-'' (med.) "having a brilliant army", etc.<ref>{{harvnb|Tavernier|2007|pp=157–8}}</ref>
*''Farnah'': Divine glory ({{langx|ae|[[Khvarenah|khvarənah]]}})
*''Paridaiza'': [[Paradise]]
*''Spaka-'' : The word is Median and means "dog".<ref>{{harvnb|Tavernier|2007|p=312}}</ref> Herodotus identifies "Spaka-" (Gk. "σπάχα" – female dog) as Median rather than Persian.<ref>(Hawkins 2010, "Greek and the Languages of Asia Minor to the Classical Period", [https://books.google.com/books?id=1iYbL1wHfR0C&pg=226 p. 226])</ref> The word is still used in modern Iranian languages including [[Talysh language|Talyshi]], [[Zaza language|Zaza]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Paul |first=Ludwig |date=1998 |title=The Pozition of Zazaki the West Iranian Languages |url=https://www.azargoshnasp.net/languages/zazaki/zazakipositionof.pdf |access-date=December 4, 2023 |website=Iran Chamber |publisher=Open Publishing}}</ref> also suggested as a source to the [[Russian language|Russian]] {{lang|ru|собака}} ({{transliteration|ru|sobaka}}) with the same meaning.<ref>(Gamkrelidze - Ivanov, 1995, "Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical..", [https://books.google.com/books?id=M2aqp2n2mKkC&q=sobaka&pg=PA505 p. 505])</ref><ref>(Fortson, IV 2009, "Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction", [https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=sobaka+&pg=PA419 p. 419])</ref><ref>(YarShater 2007, "Encyclopaedia Iranica", [https://www.google.com.au/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=isbn:1934283088&gws_rd=ssl p. 96])</ref>
*''vazṛka-'': "great" (as [[Western Persian]] ''bozorg'')<ref name=Schmitt2008-p98>{{harvnb|Schmitt|2008|p=98}}</ref>
*''vispa-'': "all"<ref>{{harvnb|Tavernier|2007|p=627}}</ref> (as in [[Avestan]]). The component appears in such words as ''vispafryā'' (Med. fem.) "dear to all", ''vispatarva-'' (med.) "vanquishing all", ''vispavada-'' (Median-Old Persian) "leader of all", etc.<ref>{{harvnb|Tavernier|2007|pp=352–3}}</ref>
*''[[wikt:𐏋#Old Persian|xšayaθiya-]]'' (king){{Citation needed|date=August 2017}}<!-- as indicated in Wiktionary, this word is genuinely Old Persian and there is no particular reason to think of it as being of Median origin -->
*''xšaθra-'' (realm; kingship): This Median word (attested in ''*xšaθra-pā-'' and continued by Middle Persian [[wikt:𐭱𐭲𐭫𐭩#Middle Persian|''šahr'']] "land, country; city") is an example of words whose Greek form (known as romanized "[[satrap]]" from Gk. σατράπης ''satrápēs'') mirrors, as opposed to the tradition,{{#tag:ref|"..a great many Old Persian lexemes...are preserved in a borrowed form in non-Persian languages – the so-called "collateral" tradition of Old Persian (within or outside the Achaemenid Empire).... not every purported Old Iranian form attested in this manner is an actual lexeme of Old Persian."<ref name=schmitt2008-p99>{{harvnb|Schmitt|2008|p=99}}</ref>|group="N"}} a Median rather than an Old Persian form (also attested, as ''[[wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶#Old Persian|xšaça-]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠#Old Persian|xšaçapāvā]]'') of an Old Iranian word.<ref name=schmitt2008-p99/>
* ''zūra-'': "evil" and ''zūrakara-'': "evil-doer".<ref name=Schmitt2008-p98/>