Editing Meshuggah (section)

=== Formation and ''Contradictions Collapse'' (1987–1994) ===
[[File:Meshuggah @ Hultsfredsfestivalen 1992.jpg|thumb|Meshuggah in 1992]]
In 1985, guitarist [[Fredrik Thordendal]] formed a band in [[Umeå]],<ref name="AMG bio">{{cite web|url = {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p169489|pure_url=yes}}|website = [[AllMusic]]|title = Meshuggah Biography|author = Jason Ankeny and Bradley Torreano|access-date = 11 May 2008}}</ref> a university town in northern Sweden with a population of 105,000.<ref name="Decibel story">{{cite web |url=http://decibelmagazine.com/features/jun2005/meshuggah.aspx |title=Cover History: Meshuggah |access-date=1 December 2008 |last=Smith |first=Rod |date=June 2005 |work=[[Decibel Magazine]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129013121/http://decibelmagazine.com/features/jun2005/meshuggah.aspx |archive-date=29 November 2005}}</ref> The band, originally named Metallien, recorded a number of [[Demo (music)|demo tapes]], after which it disbanded. Thordendal, however, continued playing under a different name with new band members.<ref name="AMG bio"/>

Meshuggah was formed in 1987<ref name="Official bio"/><ref name="Revolver Meshuggah">{{cite magazine|url = https://www.revolvermag.com/music/inside-obzen-how-meshuggah-pushed-themselves-limit-make-masterpiece|magazine = [[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]|title = Inside 'obZen': How Meshuggah pushed themselves to the limit to make a masterpiece |author = Jon Wiederhorn|date=1 April 2008| access-date = 2 September 2008}}</ref> by lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Jens Kidman,<ref name="AMG bio" /> and took the name Meshuggah from the [[Yiddish]] word for "crazy"<ref name="MTV Swedish metal outfit enjoys being the hardest band on the Ozzfest bill.">{{cite web|url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1456313/20020726/meshuggah.jhtml|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040520133914/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1456313/20020726/meshuggah.jhtml|url-status = dead|archive-date = 20 May 2004|publisher = [[MTV.com]]|title = Swedish metal outfit enjoys being the hardest band on the Ozzfest bill.|author = Ryan J. Downey, with additional reporting by Iann Robinson|access-date = 6 July 2008}}</ref> (ultimately derived from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word {{Script/Hebrew|מְשֻׁגָּע}}). Kidman found the word in an American street slang dictionary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://metalheadzone.com/meshuggah-guitarist-reveals-why-did-they-chose-a-yiddish-band-name/|title=Meshuggah Guitarist Reveals Why Did They Chose A Yiddish Band Name|last=K|first=Enes|date=30 March 2019|website=Metalhead Zone|language=en-US|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> The band recorded several demos before Kidman left, which prompted the remaining members to disband. Kidman then formed a new band, Calipash, with guitarist Thordendal, bassist Peter Nordin and drummer Niklas Lundgren.<ref name="AMG bio" /> Kidman, who also played guitar,<ref name="Official bio">{{cite web |title = A short biography |url = http://www.meshuggah.net/bio/ |publisher = meshuggah.net |access-date = 16 May 2007 |author = Espn |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081020105647/http://www.meshuggah.net/bio/ |archive-date = 20 October 2008 |url-status = dead }}</ref> and Thordendal decided to restore the name Meshuggah for the new band.<ref name="AMG bio"/>

In 1989, Meshuggah released the self-titled, three-song [[Extended play|EP]] ''[[Meshuggah (EP)|Meshuggah]]'',<ref name="AMG bio" /> which is commonly known as ''Psykisk Testbild''<ref name="Rockdetector Bio">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/sweden/umea/meshuggah 
 |publisher=[[Rockdetector]] 
 |title=Meshuggah Rockdetector Biography 
 |author=Garry Sharpe-Young 
 |access-date=27 July 2008 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218195401/http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/sweden/umea/meshuggah 
 |archive-date=18 December 2008 
}}</ref><ref name="1989 Meshuggah">{{cite web
|title = Meshuggah - 1989|url = http://www.meshuggah.net/disco/psyk/|publisher = meshuggah.net|access-date = 11 May 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080421151300/http://www.meshuggah.net/disco/psyk/| archive-date = 21 April 2008}}</ref> (a title that could be translated as "Psychological Test-Picture").<ref name="Official bio"/> This 12" (30&nbsp;cm) vinyl EP had only 1,000 copies released, sold by local record store Garageland.<ref name="Rockdetector Bio"/><ref name="1989 Meshuggah" /> The EP's back cover features the band members with cheese doodles on their faces.<ref name="1989 Meshuggah" />

After replacing drummer Niklas Lundgren with [[Tomas Haake]] in 1990, Meshuggah signed a contract with German heavy metal [[record label]] [[Nuclear Blast]] and recorded its debut full-length album, ''[[Contradictions Collapse]]''.<ref name="Allmusic Bio + Rockdetector Bio">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p169489|pure_url=yes}} |website=[[AllMusic]] |title=Meshuggah Biography |author=Jason Ankeny and Bradley Torreano |access-date=11 May 2008 }}<br />{{cite web
 |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/sweden/umea/meshuggah 
 |publisher=[[Rockdetector]] 
 |title=Meshuggah Rockdetector Biography 
 |author=Garry Sharpe-Young 
 |access-date=27 July 2008 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218195401/http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/sweden/umea/meshuggah 
 |archive-date=18 December 2008 
}}</ref> The LP, originally entitled ''(All this because of) Greed'',<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.meshuggah.net/disco/cc/ |publisher = meshuggah.net|title = Contradictions Collapse - 1991|access-date = 11 May 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080822221105/http://www.meshuggah.net/disco/cc/ |archive-date = 22 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> was released in 1991.<ref name="AMG bio" /> The album received positive reviews, but was not a commercial success.<ref name="Rockdetector Bio"/> Soon after, Kidman decided to concentrate on vocals,<ref name="Decibel story" /> and guitarist [[Mårten Hagström]],<ref name="AMG bio" /> who had already played in a band with Haake when they were in sixth grade, was recruited.<ref name="Official bio" /> The new lineup recorded the EP ''[[None (Meshuggah EP)|None]]'' at Tonteknik Recordings in Umeå in 1994 for release later that year.<ref name="Official Bio + Rockdetector Bio">{{cite web|title=A short biography |url=http://www.meshuggah.net/bio/ |publisher=meshuggah.net |access-date=16 May 2007 |author=Espn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513083515/http://www.meshuggah.net/bio/ |archive-date=13 May 2007 }}<br />{{cite web
 |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/sweden/umea/meshuggah 
 |publisher=[[Rockdetector]] 
 |title=Meshuggah Rockdetector Biography 
 |author=Garry Sharpe-Young 
 |access-date=27 July 2008 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218195401/http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/sweden/umea/meshuggah 
 |archive-date=18 December 2008 
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = {{AllMusic|class=album|id=r270807|pure_url=yes}}|website = Allmusic|title = None overview|access-date = 28 August 2008}}</ref> A Japanese version was also released, including lyrics printed in Japanese.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.meshuggah.net/disco/none/|publisher = meshuggah.|title = None -1994|access-date = 11 May 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080822221144/http://www.meshuggah.net/disco/none/ |archive-date = 22 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During this period, Thordendal, who was working as a carpenter, severed the tip of his left middle finger, while Haake injured his hand in a router accident.<ref name="AMG bio" /><ref name="Official Bio + Rockdetector Bio"/> As a result, the band was unable to perform for several months. Thordendal's fingertip was later reattached, and he went on to make a full recovery.<ref name="Official bio" /> The ''[[Selfcaged]]'' EP was recorded in April and May 1994, but its release was delayed to later in 1995 due to the accidents.<ref name="AMG bio" /><ref name="Official bio" />