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Messier 5
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==Notable features== Within M5, there are 105 known [[variable star|variable stars]], 97 of them belonging to the [[RR Lyrae variable|RR Lyrae]] type.<ref name="Szeidl">{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17815.x|title=Long-term photometric monitoring of Messier 5 variables β I. Period changes of RR Lyrae stars|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=411|issue=3|pages=1744β1762|year=2011|last1=Szeidl|first1=B.|last2=Hurta|first2=Zs.|last3=Jurcsik|first3=J.|last4=Clement|first4=C.|last5=Lovas|first5=M.|doi-access=free |bibcode=2011MNRAS.411.1744S|arxiv = 1010.1115 |s2cid=118519067}}</ref> RR Lyrae stars, sometimes referred to as ''"Cluster Variables"'', are somewhat similar to [[Cepheid variable|Cepheid type variables]] and as such can be used as a tool to measure distances in outer space since the relation between their luminosities and periods are well known. The brightest and most easily observed variable in M5 varies from magnitude 10.6 to 12.1 in a period of just under 26.5 days.<ref name="CouttsClement"/> The cluster contains two [[millisecond pulsar]]s, one of which is in a binary, allowing the [[proper motion]] of the cluster to be measured. The binary could help our understanding of [[neutron degenerate matter]]; the current median mass, if confirmed, would exclude any "soft" [[equation of state]] for such matter.<ref name="Freire">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1086/587832| title = A Massive Neutron Star in the Globular Cluster M5| journal = The Astrophysical Journal| volume = 679| issue = 2| pages = 1433β1442| year = 2008| last1 = Freire | first1 = P. C. C. | last2 = Wolszczan | first2 = A. | last3 = van den Berg | first3 = M. | last4 = Hessels | first4 = J. W. T. | bibcode = 2008ApJ...679.1433F|arxiv = 0712.3826 | s2cid = 118743395}}</ref> The cluster has been used to test for [[magnetic dipole moment]]s in neutrinos, which could shed light on some hypothetical particles such as the [[axion]].<ref name="Viaux">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201322004| title = Particle-physics constraints from the globular cluster M5: Neutrino dipole moments| journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics| volume = 558| pages = A12| year = 2013| last1 = Viaux | first1 = N.| last2 = Catelan | first2 = M.| last3 = Stetson | first3 = P. B.| last4 = Raffelt | first4 = G. G.| last5 = Redondo | first5 = J.| last6 = Valcarce | first6 = A. A. R.| last7 = Weiss | first7 = A.| bibcode = 2013A&A...558A..12V|arxiv = 1308.4627 | s2cid = 59056210}}</ref> A [[dwarf nova]] has also been observed in this cluster.<ref name="Neill"/>
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