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== Implication and alternate explanations == The default implication drawn from Gallup's test is that those animals who pass the test possess some form of self-recognition. However, a number of authors have suggested alternative explanations of a pass. For example, Povinelli<ref>Povinelli, D. J. (2000). ''Folk physics for apes. The chimpanzee’s theory of how the world works''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> suggests that the animal may see the reflection as some odd entity that it is able to control through its own movements. When the reflected entity has a mark on it, then the animal can remove the mark or alert the reflected entity to it using its own movements to do so. Critically, this explanation does not assume that the animals necessarily see the reflected entity as "self".
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