Editing Mobbing (section)

== Development of the concept ==
[[Konrad Lorenz]], in his book entitled ''[[On Aggression]]'' (1966), first described mobbing among birds and other animals, attributing it to instincts rooted in the [[Darwinian]] struggle to thrive (see [[animal mobbing behavior]]). In his view, most humans are subject to similar innate impulses but capable of bringing them under rational control.<ref name="Westhues">{{cite web|url=http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~kwesthue/mobbing.htm|title=Workplace Mobbing in Academe|website=arts.uwaterloo.ca|access-date=19 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812072428/http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~kwesthue/mobbing.htm|archive-date=12 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lorenz's explanation for his choice of the English word "mobbing" was omitted in the English translation by Marjorie Kerr Wilson. According to [[Kenneth Westhues]], Lorenz chose the word "mobbing" because he remembered in the collective attack by birds, the old German term ''hassen auf'', which means "to hate after" or "to put a hate on" was applied and this emphasised "the depth of antipathy with which the attack is made" rather than the English word 'mobbing' which emphasised the collective aspect of the attack.<ref> Westhues, Kenneth.(2007) [http://www.kwesthues.com/graz0701.htm Mobbing a Natural Fact], Adapted and revised from "Mobbing am akademischen Arbeitsplatz," a lecture given in the Society for Sociology at the University of Graz, Austria, on 23 January 2007, Retrieved on 17 August 2018</ref> 

In the 1970s, the Swedish physician {{Interlanguage link multi|Peter-Paul Heinemann|sv|Peter-Paul Heinemann|de||pl||vertical-align=sup}} applied Lorenz's conceptualization to the collective aggression of children against a targeted child.<ref name="Westhues" /> In the 1980s, professor and practising psychologist [[Heinz Leymann]] applied the term to ganging up in the workplace.<ref name="Westhues" /> In 2011, anthropologist Janice Harper suggested that some anti-bullying approaches effectively constitute a form of mobbing by using the label "bully" to dehumanize, encouraging people to shun and avoid people labeled bullies, and in some cases sabotage their work or refuse to work with them, while almost always calling for their exclusion and termination from employment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/janice-harper/the-bully-label-has-to-go_b_1068456.html|title=The Bully Label Has to Go|first=Janice|last=Harper|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=1 November 2011}}</ref>