Editing Mohawk language (section)

==Current status==
[[File:Mohawk language stop sign.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Mohawk language stop sign]]
The Mohawk language is currently classified as threatened, and the number of native speakers has continually declined over the past several years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/moh/|title=Redirected|date=19 November 2019}}</ref>

Mohawk has the largest number of speakers among the [[Iroquois|Northern Iroquoian]] languages, and today it is the only one with more than a thousand remaining speakers.  At [[Akwesasne]], residents have founded a language immersion school (pre-K to grade 8) in ''Kanienʼkéha'' to revive the language. With their children learning it, parents and other family members are taking language classes, too.

The radio station [[CKON-FM]] (97.3 on-air in [[Hogansburg, New York]] and [[Saint Regis, Quebec]] and widely available online through streaming), licensed by the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, broadcasts portions of its programming in ''Kanienʼkéha''. The call sign is a reference to the Mohawk word "sekon" (or "she:kon"), which means "hello".

A Mohawk language immersion school was established.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mohawkcommunity.com/languageimmersion.html|title=Kanatsiohareke Mohawk Community|website=www.mohawkcommunity.com|access-date=Sep 3, 2020}}</ref> Mohawk parents, concerned with the lack of culture-based education in public and parochial schools, founded the Akwesasne Freedom School in 1979. Six years later, the school implemented a Mohawk language immersion curriculum based on a traditional cycle of fifteen seasonal ceremonies, and on the Mohawk [[Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address|Thanksgiving Address]], or Ohén꞉ton Karihwatékwen, "The words before all else." Every morning, teachers and students gather in the hallway to recite the Thanksgiving Address in Mohawk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourmothertongues.org/language/Mohawk/7|title=Our Mother Tongues &#124; Mohawk|first=Our Mother|last=Tongues|website=ourmothertongues.org|access-date=Sep 3, 2020}}</ref>

An adult immersion program was also created in 1985 to address the issue of intergenerational fluency decline of the Mohawk language.<ref>http://mje.mcgill.ca/article/view/8645. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034251/http://mje.mcgill.ca/article/view/8645 |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref>

'''Kanatsiohareke''' (Gah-nah-jo-ha-lay-gay), meaning "Place of the clean pot", is a small Mohawk community on the north bank of the [[Mohawk River]], west of [[Fonda, New York]].<sup>[[Kanatsiohareke#cite note-1|[1]]]</sup> Kanatsiohareke was created to be a "[[Carlisle Indian Boarding School]] in Reverse", teaching Mohawk language and culture.<sup>[[Kanatsiohareke|[2]]]</sup> Located at the ancient homeland of the Kanienkehaka (Mohawk), it was re-established in September 1993 under the leadership of Thomas R. Porter (Sakokwenionkwas-"The One Who Wins").<sup>[[Kanatsiohareke#cite note-3|[3]]]</sup> The community must raise their own revenue and frequently hold cultural presentations, workshops, and academic events, including an annual Strawberry Festival.<sup>[[Kanatsiohareke#cite note-4|[4]]]</sup> A craft shop on site features genuine handmade Native crafts from all over North America.

The primary mission of the community is to try to preserve traditional values, culture, language and lifestyles in the guidance of the ''Kaienerekowa'' (Great Law of Peace).<sup>[[Kanatsiohareke#cite note-5|[5]]]</sup> Kanatsiohareke, Inc. is a [[non-profit organization]] under IRS code 501(c)(3).

In 2006, over 600 people were reported to speak the language in Canada, many of them elderly.<ref name="ReferenceA">Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-558-XCB2006015</ref>

[[Kahnawake]] is located at a metropolitan location, near central [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada. As Kahnawake is located near Montreal, many individuals speak both English and French, and this has contributed to a decline in the use of Mohawk language over the past century. The Mohawk Survival School, the first immersion program was established in 1979. The school's mission was to revitalize Mohawk language. To examine how successful the program had been, questionnaire was given to the Kahnawake residents following the first year. The results indicated that teaching towards younger generation have been successful and showed an increase in the ability to speak the language in private settings, as well as an increase in the mixing of Mohawk in English conversations were found.<ref>http://www3.brandonu.ca/cjns/12.2/hoover.pdf. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106174344/http://www3.brandonu.ca/cjns/12.2/hoover.pdf |date=2017-01-06 }}</ref>

===Current number of speakers===
In 2011, there were approximately 3,500 speakers of Mohawk, primarily in Quebec, Ontario and western New York.<ref>Moseley, Christopher and R. E. Asher, ed. ''Atlas of World Languages'' (New York: Routelege, 1994) p. 7</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mohawk|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/moh|website=Ethnologue|access-date=Jan 26, 2016}}</ref> Immersion (monolingual) classes for young children at [[Akwesasne]] and other reserves are helping to train new first-language speakers. The importance of immersion classes among parents grew after the passage of [[Charter of the French Language|Bill 101]], and in 1979 the Mohawk Survival School was established to facilitate language training at the high school level.<ref>{{cite report |author= Michael Hoover|title= The Revival of the Mohawk Language in Kahnawake |url= http://www3.brandonu.ca/cjns/12.2/hoover.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| last = Tanya Lee
| title = Ambitious and Controversial School Attempts to Save the Mohawk Language and Culture
| work = Indian Country Today Media Network
| access-date = 2013-02-08
| date = 2012-07-29
| url = http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/article/ambitious-and-controversial-school-attempts-to-save-the-mohawk-language-and-culture-126169
}}</ref> [[Kahnawake]] and [[Kanatsiohareke]] offer immersion classes for adults.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Sam Slotnick
| title = Learning More Than a Language : Intensive Kanienʼkéha Course a Powerful Link for Mohawk Community
| work = The Link: Concordia's Independent Newspaper Sonce 1980
| access-date = 2013-02-08
| url = http://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/3962
}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite news
| last = Kay Olan
| title = Kanatsiohareke, Language and Survival
| work = Indian Country Today Media Network
| access-date = 2013-02-08
| date = 2011-06-16
| url = http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/opinion/kanatsiohareke%2C-language-and-survival-38706
}}</ref> In the 2016 Canadian census, 875 people said Mohawk was their only mother tongue.<ref name="census"/>

===Usage in popular culture===
Mohawk dialogue features prominently in [[Ubisoft Montreal]]'s 2012 [[Action-adventure game|action-adventure]] [[open world]] video game ''[[Assassin's Creed III]]'', through the game's main character, the half-Mohawk, half-Welsh [[Ratonhnhaké꞉ton]], also called Connor, and members of his native [[Mohawk people#Mohawk communities today|Kanièn꞉ke]] village around the times of the [[American Revolution]]. Ratonhnhaké꞉ton was voiced and modelled by [[Crow tribe|Crow]] actor [[Noah Watts|Noah Bulaagawish Watts]]. [[Hiawatha]], the leader of the [[Iroquois|Iroquoian]] civilization in ''[[Sid Meier's Civilization V]]'', voiced by Kanentokon Hemlock, speaks Mohawk.

The stories of Mohawk language learners are also chronicled in 'Raising The Words', a short documentary film released in 2016 that explores personal experiences with Mohawk language revitalization in [[Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory|Tyendinaga]], a Mohawk community roughly 200 kilometres east of [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raisingthewords.com/about/ |title=About — Raising the Words |access-date=2017-01-07 |archive-date=2017-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108002019/http://www.raisingthewords.com/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was set to be shown at the 4th annual Ethnografilm festival in [[Paris, France]].

The Mohawk language is used in the 2017 film ''[[Mohawk (2017 film)|Mohawk]]'', the 1991 film ''[[Black Robe (film)|Black Robe]]'', and the 2020 television series ''[[Barkskins (TV series)|Barkskins]]''.

The language was used throughout in the [[Marvel Studios]] animated series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'', in the [[What If...? season 2|season 2]] episode "[[What If... Kahhori Reshaped the World?]]", where they introduce an original Mohawk superhero named Kahhori.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graves |first=Sabina |date=March 9, 2023 |title=Marvel's ''What If?'' Season 2 Will Introduce a Brand New Mohawk Hero |url=https://gizmodo.com/marvel-studios-what-if-introduces-new-super-hero-1850208638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309223716/https://gizmodo.com/marvel-studios-what-if-introduces-new-super-hero-1850208638 |archive-date=March 9, 2023 |access-date=December 27, 2023 |website=[[Gizmodo]]}}</ref>