Editing Monaghan (section)

==History==

===Early history===
The Menapii Celtic tribe are specifically named on [[Ptolemy]]'s 150 AD map of Ireland, where they located their first colony – Menapia – on the Leinster coast {{Circa|216 BC}}. They later settled around Lough Erne, becoming known as the Fir Manach, and giving their name to Fermanagh and Monaghan.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} [[Mongán mac Fiachnai]], a 7th-century King of Ulster, is the protagonist of several legends linking him with [[Manannan mac Lir]]. They spread across Ireland, evolving into historic Irish (also Scottish and Manx) clans.
[[File:St Macartans Cathedral Monaghan Ireland.jpg|thumb|left|The northwestern side of St Macartan's Cathedral in Monaghan.]]
The [[Battle of Clontibret]], fought between the forces of [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone|The Earl of Tyrone]], ''An Ó Néill'' (The O'Neill), of [[Tír Eoghain]], and the [[English Crown]], was fought in northern County Monaghan in May 1595. The territory of Monaghan had earlier been wrested from the control of the [[McMahon clans|MacMahon]] sept in 1591, when the leader of the MacMahons was hanged by authority of the Dublin government; this was one of the events that led to the [[Nine Years War (Ireland)|Nine Years War]] and the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland]].

In 1801, Monaghan Town, along with the rest of the Rossmore Estate, became the property of the Westenra family.<ref name="Mulligan">{{cite book |first=Kevin V. |last=Mulligan |title=[[The Buildings of Ireland]]: South Ulster |publisher=[[Yale University Press|Yale]] |location=London |year=2013}}</ref>{{rp|460}} The Rossmore Estate was inherited in August of that year by [[Warner Westenra, 2nd Baron Rossmore]], from his uncle.<ref name=Mulligan/>{{rp|460}} The Westenra family remained as the principal landlords of Monaghan town up into the early twentieth-century. Their '[[ancestral seat]]' was established at [[Rossmore Castle]] (also known as Rossmore Park), a large [[country house]] mainly built in stages during the nineteenth-century on the south-western edge of Monaghan Town.<ref name=Mulligan/>{{rp|483}} The castle was mainly built in the [[Neo-Jacobean architecture|neo-Jacobean]] style of architecture.<ref name=Mulligan/>

[[Image:Rossmore.jpg|thumb|[[Rossmore Castle]], former seat of the Westenra family, [[Baron Rossmore|Barons Rossmore]].<ref name=Mulligan/>{{rp|482–483}}]] The castle stood on the south-western edge of Monaghan town and was abandoned just after the [[Second World War]].<ref name=Mulligan/>{{rp|483}} The ruins of the castle were blown up by [[Monaghan County Council]] in 1974.<ref name=Mulligan/>{{rp|483}}

===Transport===
The [[Ulster Canal]] through Monaghan linking the [[River Blackwater, Northern Ireland|River Blackwater]] at [[Moy, County Tyrone|Moy]] with the [[River Erne]] near [[Clones, County Monaghan|Clones]] was built between 1825 and 1842. By the time it was completed, competition in the form of the [[Ulster Railway]] from Belfast to Clones was already under construction.<ref name="Hajducki">{{cite book |last=Hajducki |first=S. Maxwell |year=1974 |title=A Railway Atlas of Ireland |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=[[David & Charles]] |isbn=0-7153-5167-2 |at=map 9}}</ref> The canal was never a commercial success and was formally abandoned in 1931.

The Ulster Railway linked Monaghan with {{rws|Armagh}} and [[Belfast Great Victoria Street railway station|Belfast]] in 1858 and with the [[Dundalk and Enniskillen Railway]] at Clones in 1863.<ref name=Hajducki/>{{rp|Map 8}} It became part of the [[Great Northern Railway (Ireland)|Great Northern Railway]] in 1876.<ref name=Hajducki/>{{rp|xiii}} The [[partition of Ireland]] in 1922 turned the boundary with [[County Armagh]] into an international frontier, after which trains were routinely delayed by customs inspections. In 1957 the [[Government of Northern Ireland]] made the GNR Board close the line between {{rws|Portadown}} and [[Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border|the border]], giving the GNRB no option but to withdraw passenger services between the border and Clones as well.<ref name=Hajducki/>{{rp|Map 39}} [[CIÉ]] took over the remaining section of line between Clones, Monaghan and [[Glaslough]] in 1958 but withdrew goods services between Monaghan and Glaslough in 1959 and between Clones and Monaghan in 1960, leaving Monaghan with no railway service.<ref name=Hajducki/>{{rp|Map 39}}

===Twentieth century===
In February 1919 the first self-consciously proclaimed [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] in the United Kingdom was established at Monaghan Lunatic Asylum.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kostick |first=Conor |year=1996 |title=Revolution in Ireland: Popular Militancy, 1917–1923 |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutioninirel00kost |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/revolutioninirel00kost/page/70 70]|isbn=9780745311234 }}</ref> This led to the claim by [[Joseph Devlin]] in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]] that "the only successfully conducted institutions in Ireland are the lunatic asylums".<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1919/feb/20/monaghan-lunatic-asylum Hansard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711231706/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1919/feb/20/monaghan-lunatic-asylum |date=11 July 2009 }}, 20 February 1919, accessed 18 July 2010</ref>

On 17 May 1974 an [[Ulster loyalism|Ulster loyalist]] [[car bomb]] exploded in the Friday evening rush hour, killing seven people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dublinmonaghanbombings.org/may74.html |title=Justice for the Forgotten |website=www.dublinmonaghanbombings.org |access-date=1 December 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510125747/http://www.dublinmonaghanbombings.org/may74.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was detonated outside Greacen's public house on North Road in a car that had been stolen earlier that afternoon in [[Portadown]], [[Northern Ireland]]. The bomb killed Paddy Askin (44), Thomas Campbell (52), Thomas Croarkin (36), Archie Harper (73, died four days later), Jack Travers (28), Peggy White (45) and George Williamson (72).<ref>{{cite web |title=CAIN:Sutton Index of Deaths 1974 |url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1974.html |website=CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet) |access-date=14 August 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226121728/https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1974.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It also injured scores of civilians and caused extensive damage to the fabric of the town with North Road and Mill Street among the areas worst affected. This was one of the few car bombings in the Republic during [[The Troubles]], which were centred on [[Northern Ireland]]; three other bombs exploded on the same day in Dublin in what became known as the [[Dublin and Monaghan bombings]]. The Ulster loyalist paramilitary group [[Ulster Volunteer Force (1966)|Ulster Volunteer Force]] (UVF) claimed responsibility in 1993.

A monument in memory of the victims was unveiled by the eighth [[President of Ireland]] [[Mary McAleese]] on 17 May 2004, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the atrocity. The sandstone and metal column containing seven light wells bearing the names of each of the seven victims of the bombing was designed by Ciaran O'Cearnaigh and stands as a reminder of one of the darkest days in Ireland's modern history.