Editing Monoamine neurotransmitter (section)

==Evolution==
[[File:Monoamine receptor tree.svg|thumb|right|350px| A phylogenetic tree showing how a number of monoamine receptors are related to each other.]]
Monoamine neurotransmitter systems occur in virtually all vertebrates, where the evolvability of these systems has served to promote the adaptability of vertebrate species to different environments.<ref name="pmid14597267">{{cite journal | vauthors = Callier S, Snapyan M, Le Crom S, Prou D, Vincent JD, Vernier P | title = Evolution and cell biology of dopamine receptors in vertebrates | journal = Biology of the Cell | volume = 95 | issue = 7 | pages = 489–502 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14597267 | doi = 10.1016/s0248-4900(03)00089-3| s2cid = 18277786 | quote =  This "evolvability" of dopamine systems has been instrumental to adapt the vertebrate species to nearly all the possible environments.| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid9916344">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vincent JD, Cardinaud B, Vernier P | title = [Evolution of monoamine receptors and the origin of motivational and emotional systems in vertebrates] | language = fr | journal = Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine | volume = 182 | issue = 7 | pages = 1505–14; discussion 1515–6 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9916344 | quote = These data suggest that a D1/beta receptor gene duplication was required to elaborate novel catecholamine psychomotor adaptive responses and that a noradrenergic system specifically emerged at the origin of vertebrate evolution.
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A recent computational investigation of genetic origins shows that the earliest development of monoamines occurred 650 million years ago and that the appearance of these chemicals, necessary for active or participatory awareness and engagement with the environment, coincides with the emergence of bilaterian or “mirror” body in the midst of (or perhaps in some sense catalytic of?) the Cambrian Explosion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Goulty |first1=Matthew |last2=Botton-Amiot |first2=Gaelle |last3=Rosato |first3=Ezio |last4=Sprecher |first4=Simon G. |last5=Feuda |first5=Roberto |date=2023-06-06 |title=The monoaminergic system is a bilaterian innovation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3284 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39030-2 |pmid=37280201 |issn=2041-1723|pmc=10244343 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3284G }}</ref> 
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