Editing Mu (negative) (section)

==Pronunciations==
The [[Standard Chinese]] pronunciation of {{Transliteration|zh|wú}} ({{lang|zh|無}}; 'not', 'nothing') historically derives from the {{circa|7th century}} [[Middle Chinese]] {{Transliteration|ltc|mju}}, the {{circa|3rd century}} [[Eastern Han Chinese|Late Han Chinese]] ''muɑ'', and the reconstructed {{circa|6th century BCE}} [[Old Chinese]] *{{Transliteration|och|ma}}.<ref name="Schuessler">{{cite book|last=Schuessler|first=Axel|title=ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIvqAC7FNBQC|year=2007|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2975-9|page=518}}</ref>

Other [[varieties of Chinese]] have differing pronunciations of {{lang-zh|c=無}}. Compare [[Cantonese]] {{lang-zh|j=mou4|labels=no}}; and [[Southern Min]] {{IPA|nan|bo˧˥|}} ([[Quanzhou]]) and {{IPA|nam|bə˧˥|}} ([[Zhangzhou]]).

The common Chinese word {{Transliteration|zh|wú}} ({{lang|zh|無}}) was adopted in the [[Sino-Japanese vocabulary|Sino-Japanese]], [[Sino-Korean vocabulary|Sino-Korean]], and [[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Vietnamese]] vocabularies. The Japanese [[kanji]] {{lang|ja|無}} has {{Transliteration|ja|[[Kanji#On'yomi|on'yomi]]}} readings of {{Transliteration|ja|mu}} or {{Transliteration|ja|bu}}, and a {{Transliteration|ja|[[Kanji#Kun'yomi (Japanese reading)|kun'yomi]]}} (Japanese reading) of {{Transliteration|ja|na}}. It is a fourth-grade kanji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Kyoiku Kanji (教育漢字) - Kanshudo |url=https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324010221/https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji |archive-date=March 24, 2022 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=www.kanshudo.com}}</ref> The Korean {{Transliteration|ko|[[hanja]]}} {{lang|ko|無}} is read {{Transliteration|ko|mu}} (in [[Revised Romanization of Korean|Revised]], [[McCune–Reischauer]], and [[Yale romanization of Korean|Yale]] romanization systems). The Vietnamese [[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Hán-Việt]] pronunciation is {{lang|vi|vô}} or {{lang|vi|mô}}.