Editing Mulesing (section)

==Method==
Mulesing is a procedure which, in Australia, is carried out by a person who has completed the mandatory accreditation and training programme, usually a professional mulesing contractor.<ref name="Model Code"/>

While the lamb is under restraint (typically in a marking cradle), the wrinkled skin in the animal's breech ([[rump (animal)|rump]] area) is cut away from the perianal region down to the top of the hindlimbs. Originally, the procedure was typically performed with modified wool-trimming metal shears, but now there are similar metal shears designed specifically for mulesing. In addition, the tail is docked and the remaining stump is sometimes skinned.<ref name="sheepguide">{{cite book |title= Sheep Production Guide |last=Livestock & Grain Producers Assoc. |year=1978 |publisher= Macarthur Press |location=Parramatta }}</ref> The cuts are executed to avoid affecting underlying muscle tissue.

The [[New South Wales Department of Primary Industries]] states in the Standard Operating Procedures that, "While the operation causes some pain, no pre or post operative pain relief measures are used". [[Antiseptic]]s, [[anaesthesia]] and [[painkillers]] are not required by Australian law during or after the procedure but are often applied, as the procedure is known to be painful to the animal.<ref name="Model Code"/><ref name="DPI SOP"/> Products have been approved for pain relief during the procedure, including Tri-Solfen. The minor use permit for Tri-Solfen<ref>{{cite web |url=http://permits.apvma.gov.au/PER8660.PDF |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009055705/http://permits.apvma.gov.au/PER8660.PDF |archive-date=9 October 2007 }}</ref> makes the product available for use by both veterinarians and sheep industry employees, such as mulesing contractors and graziers.<ref name="AVA 2005">{{cite web |url=http://www.ava.com.au/news.php?c=0&action=show&news_id=120 |title = AVA welcomes mulesing pain relief | author = Eddie Ripard | date = 29 August 2005 | access-date=2007-01-10 | publisher = Australian Veterinary Association |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060927185238/http://www.ava.com.au/news.php?c=0&action=show&news_id=120 |archive-date = 27 September 2006}}</ref>

After a heavy mules, non-wooled skin around the [[anus]] (and [[vulva]] in ewes) is pulled tight, the cut heals and results in smooth scar tissue that does not get fouled by [[feces|faeces]] or [[urine]]. Most sheep have a light mules which does not leave the skin bare, but simply removes the skin wrinkle leaving a reduced area to grow wool and stain.<ref name="sheepguide"/>

When managed according to the standards, policies and procedures developed by the [[CSIRO]], lambs are normally mulesed a few weeks after birth. The operation usually takes less than a minute. Standard practice is to do this operation simultaneously with other procedures such as [[Earmark (agriculture)|ear marking]], [[docking (animal)|tail docking]], and [[vaccination]]. Because the procedure removes skin, not any underlying flesh or structure, there is little blood loss from the cut other than a minor oozing on the edges of the cut skin.

Mulesed lambs should be released onto clean [[pasture]]. The ewes and suckling lambs should receive minimal disturbance until all wounds are completely healed (about four weeks). Observation should be carried out from a distance.<ref name="Model Code"/>

Mulesing should be completed well before the flystrike season, or else chemical protection should be provided to reduce risk to the lambs and ewes.

Lambs that are slaughtered soon after weaning generally do not need mulesing because they can be protected by chemical treatment for the short time they are at risk.<ref>
{{cite journal
|author1=Morley, F.H.W. |author2=Johnstone, I.L.
 |name-list-style=amp | title = Mulesing operation-a review of development and adaptation.
| publisher = Proceedings of the Second National Symposium-Sheep Blowfly and FlyStrike in Sheep, Sydney.
| year = 1983
}}</ref>