Editing Multidisciplinary design optimization (section)

=== Origins in structural optimization ===
Whereas optimization methods are nearly as old as [[calculus]], dating back to [[Isaac Newton]], [[Leonhard Euler]], [[Daniel Bernoulli]], and [[Joseph Louis Lagrange]], who used them to solve problems such as the shape of the [[catenary]] curve, numerical optimization reached prominence in the digital age. Its systematic application to structural design dates to its advocacy by Schmit in 1960.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Vanderplaats |author-first=G.N. |chapter=Numerical Optimization Techniques |year=1987 |title=Computer Aided Optimal Design: Structural and Mechanical Systems |editor-last=Mota Soares |editor-first=C.A. |series=NATO ASI Series (Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences) |volume=27 |pages=197–239 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-83051-8_5 |isbn=978-3-642-83053-2 |quote=The first formal statement of nonlinear programming (numerical optimization) applied to structural design was offered by Schmit in 1960.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Schmit |first=L.A. |title=Structural Design by Systematic Synthesis |journal=Proceedings, 2nd Conference on Electronic Computations |publisher=ASCE |location=New York |pages=105–122 |date=1960}}</ref> The success of structural optimization in the 1970s motivated the emergence of multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) in the 1980s. Jaroslaw Sobieski championed decomposition methods specifically designed for MDO applications.<ref name="martins2013">{{cite journal|url=http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/full/10.2514/1.J051895|title=Multidisciplinary design optimization: A Survey of architectures|last1=Martins|first1=Joaquim R. R. A.|last2=Lambe|first2= Andrew B. |journal=AIAA Journal |date=2013|volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=2049–2075 |doi=10.2514/1.J051895|bibcode=2013AIAAJ..51.2049M |language=en|citeseerx=10.1.1.669.7076}}</ref> The following synopsis focuses on optimization methods for MDO. First, the popular gradient-based methods used by the early structural optimization and MDO community are reviewed. Then those methods developed in the last dozen years are summarized.