Editing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (section)

===Crohn's disease===
MAP is recognized as a multi-host mycobacterial pathogen with a proven specific ability to initiate and maintain systemic infection and [[chronic inflammation]] of the intestine of a range of histopathological types in many animal species, including primates.<ref name="Johnes">{{cite web |title=Johne's Information Center |url=http://www.johnes.org/ |access-date=2008-06-13}}</ref>

MAP has been found in larger numbers within the intestines of Crohn's disease patients<ref name="pmid16443282">{{cite journal|year=1992|title=Mycobacterium paratuberculosis DNA in Crohn's disease tissue|journal=Gut|volume=33|issue=7|pages=890–6|doi=10.1136/gut.33.7.890|pmc=1379400|pmid=1644328|vauthors=Sanderson JD, Moss MT, Tizard ML, Hermon-Taylor J}}</ref> and in significant amount of [[irritable bowel syndrome]] patients<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scanu|first1=Antonio M.|last2=Bull|first2=Tim J.|last3=Cannas|first3=Sara|last4=Sanderson|first4=Jeremy D.|last5=Sechi|first5=Leonardo A.|last6=Dettori|first6=Giuseppe|last7=Zanetti|first7=Stefania|last8=Hermon-Taylor|first8=John|date=December 2007|title=Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Cases of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Comparison with Crohn's Disease and Johne's Disease: Common Neural and Immune Pathogenicities|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=45|issue=12|pages=3883–3890|doi=10.1128/JCM.01371-07|issn=0095-1137|pmc=2168579|pmid=17913930|quote=Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected in 15 of 20 (75%) patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 3 of 20 (15%) healthy controls, and 20 of 23 (87%) people with Crohn's disease}}</ref> compared to those with [[ulcerative colitis]] or otherwise healthy controls. One study concluded that MAP "may act as a causative agent, have a role in the context of secondary infection, which may exacerbate the disease, or represent non-pathogenic colonisation."<ref name="Feller"/> The [[Crohns MAP Vaccine]] is an experimental vaccine based on this hypothesis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Crohn's Vaccine|url=https://crohnsmapvaccine.com/vaccine/|access-date=2021-06-19|website=Crohn's MAP Vaccine|language=en-GB}}</ref>