Editing NES Zapper (section)

==History==
{{Further|History of the Nintendo Entertainment System}}
The Video Shooting Series light gun was released for [[Famicom]] in Japan on February 18, 1984,<ref name="HighScore">{{cite book|last1=DeMaria|first1=Rusel|last2=Wilson|first2=Johnny L.|title=High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games|page=232|year=2002|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=0-07-222428-2 | oclc=49981901 | url=https://archive.org/details/highscoreillustr0000dema | access-date=July 15, 2024}}</ref> bundled with ''[[Wild Gunman]]'',<ref name="HighScore" /> and a holster accessory was released.<ref name="FW"/>

===North America===
[[File:Nintendo Advanced Video System (retouched).jpg|thumb|The prototype Advanced Video System and its accessories, including a wireless light gun]]
In January 1985, at the Winter [[Consumer Electronics Show]] (CES), [[Nintendo of America]] presented the [[Advanced Video System]], a prototype American redesign of the Famicom, which was pitched as a high-end piece of consumer electronics.<ref name="VGHF">{{cite web |last1=Cifaldi |first1=Frank |title=The NES Launch Collection |url=https://gamehistory.org/nes-launch-collection-1985/ |website=Video Game History Foundation |access-date=July 13, 2024 |date=February 27, 2017 |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721182321/https://gamehistory.org/nes-launch-collection-1985/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its bundle of wireless peripherals includes a computer keyboard, music keyboard, and a combination light wand and gun.<ref>Nintendo Advanced Video System Winter 1985 CES brochure. "We also make lots of other wireless peripherals for the Advanced Video System. Like a joystick. A combination light wand and gun. A data recorder. Even a keyboard. In fact, the only wires you'll find are the two cords that plug the cartridge into the wall and into your television."</ref><ref name="Ultimate History">{{cite book |last=Kent |first=Steven L. |author-link=Steven L. Kent |title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World |year=2001 |publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]] |location=Roseville, California |isbn=0-7615-3643-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent/mode/2up |pages=286–297}}</ref> The "combination light wand and gun" has an adjustable handle for either mode.<ref>Nintendo Advanced Video System Winter 1985 CES brochure. "And because of a unique light sensor built into the cordless wand/gun, playing is as simple as pointing and shooting. It even has a two-position handle so you can use it as either a target gun or pointing wand."</ref> However, North American retailers were still apprehensive to re-enter the video game market after the [[video game crash of 1983]],<ref name="In Their Words">{{cite web |last1=Cifaldi |first1=Frank |title=In Their Words: Remembering the Launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/10/19/in-their-words-remembering-the-launch-of-the-nintendo-entertainment-system |website=IGN |date=October 19, 2015 |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702083259/https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/10/19/in-their-words-remembering-the-launch-of-the-nintendo-entertainment-system |url-status=live }}</ref> placing no orders.<ref name="Ultimate History"/>

After the poor reception at the Consumer Electronics Show, Nintendo revised its marketing strategy to avoid the crashed video game market in favor of the toy market, [[History of the Nintendo Entertainment System#1985: Redesign as the Nintendo Entertainment System|redesigning it as the Nintendo Entertainment System]]. Expensive wireless technology was abandoned,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dodd |first1=Randall |title=Nintendo system tried to walk line between game and computer |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=WORLDNEWS&req_dat=C12EB6BE1393489FA580F5880B8B058E&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB531CB4740DC75 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=April 13, 1986 |page=K6 |via=[[NewsBank]]}}</ref> and the light gun and wand became the wired Zapper. The NES ports of Nintendo's existing hit arcade games ''[[Duck Hunt]]'' and ''[[Hogan's Alley (video game)|Hogan's Alley]]'' were used to position the NES as a [[gun game]] instead of a video game system, and [[Nintendo Research & Development 1]] developed the [[R.O.B.]] (Robotic Operating Buddy) accessory toy.<ref name="Ultimate History"/> On October 18, 1985, the NES was [[History of the Nintendo Entertainment System#1985–1986: North American launch|launched in the New York City test market]],<ref name="wired">{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/ |title=Oct. 18, 1985: Nintendo Entertainment System Launches |date=October 18, 2010 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]] |access-date=July 13, 2024 |last1=Kohler |first1=Chris |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126134701/https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ultimate History"/> bundled with the Control Deck, Zapper, R.O.B., two controllers, ''[[Duck Hunt]]'', and ''[[Gyromite]]''.<ref name="Ultimate History"/> After successful launch in New York, the NES was gradually rolled out to other major markets in the United States, starting with Los Angeles in February 1986 and followed by other major American cities,<ref name="CEJanuary86">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |title=Nintendo's Market to Expand |date=January 1986 |volume=4 |issue=10 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-4-10/page/n1/mode/2up |page=3 |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref><ref name="CEFebruary96">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |title=Nintendo Update |date=February 1986 |volume=4 |issue=11 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-4-11/page/n11/mode/2up |page=13 |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> culminating in the nationwide launch in July 1986.<ref name="CEJuly96">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |title=Nintendo Goes National |date=July 1986 |volume=5 |issue=4 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-5-4/page/12/mode/2up |page=12 |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref>

In June 1986, the original launch bundle was rebranded as the Deluxe Set, and a cheaper bundle was launched with two controllers and ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' Now no longer bundled with every system, the Zapper and R.O.B. were made available for individual sale.<ref name="CEJune86">{{cite magazine |title=New Way to Buy Nintendo System |url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-5-3/page/12/mode/2up |magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=June 1986 |page=13}}</ref> In January 1988, at the Winter CES, the orange Zapper revision was announced (as had been required by the Federal Toy Gun Law of 1987<ref name="Difficult"/><ref name="Shootings"/>) within the new Action Set bundle of the NES. Also announced was the third-party Zapper game ''[[Freedom Force (1988 video game)|Freedom Force]]''.<ref name="CEJan88">{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] | title=Nintendo Makes Big Impression at CES | date=January 1988 | volume=6 | issue=10 | via=[[Internet Archive]] | url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-6-10/page/n9/mode/2up | page=10 | access-date=July 15, 2024}}</ref> In June, at the Summer CES, the Power Set was announced for release that year, bundling the orange Zapper.<ref name="CEJune88">{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Computer Entertainer]] | title=Activity at Nintendo's CES "Mega-Booth" | date=June 1988 | volume=7 | issue=3 | via=[[Internet Archive]] | url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-7-3/page/8/mode/2up | page=9 | access-date=July 13, 2024}}</ref> In 1989, the orange Zapper was released.<ref name="Zapper Manual 1989"/>

===Accessories and third-party counterparts===
[[File:Zapperscope.jpg|thumb|The Deluxe Sighting Scope on an orange NES Zapper]]
In North America, [[Bondwell]] released the Deluxe Sighting Scope, an accessory for the NES Zapper, under the brand name QuickShot.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.videogameauctions.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/NES-nintendo-deluxe-sighting-Scope-QS-132-quickshot-accessory-CIB-boxed-Complete.jpg |title=Deluxe Sighting Scope box |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032939/http://www.videogameauctions.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/NES-nintendo-deluxe-sighting-Scope-QS-132-quickshot-accessory-CIB-boxed-Complete.jpg |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The scope is a [[sight (device)|sight]] that snaps onto the top of the NES Zapper.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Link |title=Nintendo NES Quickshot Sighting Scope |url=https://gamesniped.com/2007/10/17/nintendo-nes-quickshot-sighting-scope/ |website=GameSniped |access-date=19 February 2019 |date=17 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802094905/http://gamesniped.com/2007/10/17/nintendo-nes-quickshot-sighting-scope/ |archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>

In 1988, the Video Shooter was released in the United States by [[Placo Toys]]. The Video Shooter is a wireless light gun controller for the NES. The infrared receiver is a rigid panel plugged directly into the controller port of the NES; it was designed with the intention that the NES would be placed on top of the television in order to detect the Video Shooter. Multiple Video Shooters can be used with a single receiver. When the gun is fired, a red light on the back of the gun is illuminated to indicate that a shot has been fired. The gun has a clear plastic sight on top of the gun to assist in aiming shots.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Great Hierophant |title=Nerdly Pleasures: NES Satellite : Pinnacle of Early Wireless Controller Solutions |url=http://nerdlypleasures.blogspot.com/2015/10/nes-satellite-pinnacle-of-early.html |website=Nerdly Pleasures |publisher=BlogSpot |access-date=23 January 2022 |date=6 October 2015 |archive-date=March 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321035344/http://nerdlypleasures.blogspot.com/2015/10/nes-satellite-pinnacle-of-early.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late 1988, the Video Blaster was released in North America by [[Camerica]]. The Video Blaster has the same shape as the Famicom light gun, but different colors and is compatible with the NES controller port rather than the Famicom extension port. The Famicom light gun included weights to make it heavier, which this controller lacks; however, because the two controllers use the same mold, the Famicom light gun's weights can be transplanted to the Video Blaster to give it the same feel. The tip of the Video Blaster's barrel is painted orange, but this coloration is much less prominent than other light guns released in the United States after the passage of the Federal Toy Gun Law.

On February 20, 1989, [[Bandai]] released the Hyper Shot in Japan. In addition to functioning as a light gun, the controller has equivalents to most of the Famicom controller's buttons; it has B, Start and Select buttons, as well as a stick to input directions, but no A button. The controller was bundled with ''[[Space Shadow]]''. When used with ''Space Shadow'', the Hyper Shot can output game audio from its built-in speaker and use [[haptic technology|haptic feedback]] to simulate the [[recoil]] of firing a gun; while the Hyper Shot can be used as a controller and light gun for any game, ''Space Shadow'' is the only game to support the speaker and haptic feedback.<ref name="NL Hyper Shot">{{cite web |last1=McFerran |first1=Damien |title=Meet The Famicom Machine Gun Peripheral That Never Made It Out Of Japan |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2016/03/meet_the_famicom_machine_gun_peripheral_that_never_made_it_out_of_japan |website=Nintendo Life |access-date=19 February 2019 |date=16 March 2016 |archive-date=March 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318124735/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2016/03/meet_the_famicom_machine_gun_peripheral_that_never_made_it_out_of_japan |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Space Shadow'' requires the Hyper Shot and cannot be played with other light guns, as the game expects button input to come from the Famicom expansion port (which only the Hyper Shot can provide).

In 1989, [[Nexoft]] released The Dominator ProBeam in the United States, a wireless version of the NES Zapper. Unlike other third-party light gun products, the ProBeam is officially licensed by Nintendo, bearing the [[Nintendo Seal of Quality]]. The ProBeam uses the same infrared NES receiver as Nexoft's The Dominator MasterControl, a wireless controller including a joystick. The receiver connects to the NES via a cable connected to the controller port; the instructions recommend placing the NES and receiver on top of the television. The ProBeam is bright orange and has a built-in scope with crosshairs. It is heavier than the NES Zapper, but has a grip under the barrel to allow it to be wielded using two hands.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEXOFT The Dominator ProBeam Universal Wireless Infrared Video System for NES insert |url=https://gamescanner.wordpress.com/2013/09/09/nexoft-the-dominator-probeam-universal-wireless-infrared-video-system-for-nes-insert/ |website=GameScanner.org |publisher=Wordpress |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308194105/https://gamescanner.wordpress.com/2013/09/09/nexoft-the-dominator-probeam-universal-wireless-infrared-video-system-for-nes-insert/ |archive-date=8 March 2021 |date=9 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zapper Guide Part 1|url=https://www.angelfire.com/realm/thewarpzone/zapper1.html|website=The Warp Zone|publisher=Angelfire|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-date=November 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105235924/https://www.angelfire.com/realm/thewarpzone/zapper1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:LaserScope.jpg|thumb|The LaserScope]]
In 1990, [[Konami]] released the [[LaserScope]], a headset accessory for use with the NES Zapper, in the United States and Japan.<ref name="gamesniped LaserScope">{{cite web|author1=Link|title=NES Nintendo Konami Laserscope Headset|url=http://www.gamesniped.com/2009/08/07/nes-nintendo-konami-laserscope-headset/|website=GameSniped|access-date=15 November 2014|date=7 August 2009|archive-date=17 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817014211/http://www.gamesniped.com/2009/08/07/nes-nintendo-konami-laserscope-headset/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is voice-activated, firing a shot whenever the wearer says "fire", although some reviewers criticized its ability to do so.<ref>{{cite web|title=Laserscope|url=http://nesplayer.com/database/accessories/laserscope.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327074616/http://nesplayer.com/database/accessories/laserscope.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2008|website=NES Player|access-date=15 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=forbes>{{cite web|last1=Ewalt|first1=David M.|title=The Konami LaserScope|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2012/05/29/the-konami-laserscope/|website=Forbes|access-date=15 November 2014|date=29 May 2012|archive-date=June 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601011245/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2012/05/29/the-konami-laserscope/|url-status=live}}</ref>  The headset also includes stereo headphones for use with the NES<ref>{{cite book |title=Popular Science |date=1991 |publisher=Bonnier Corporation |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eyPfgGGTfGgC/page/n11 10] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eyPfgGGTfGgC |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref> and an eyepiece with a crosshair that sits in front of the wearer's right eye.<ref name=i-mockery>{{cite web|author1=-RoG-|title=The Konami LaserScope!|url=http://www.i-mockery.com/minimocks/nes/7.php|website=I-Mockery|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-date=August 16, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040816034632/http://www.i-mockery.com/minimocks/nes/7.php|url-status=live}}</ref> It was designed for the game ''[[Laser Invasion]]'', but works with any game compatible with the NES Zapper.<ref name=forbes/><ref>{{cite news|title=Blizzard of improved products unveiled at electronics show|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Y69dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q10NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1243%2C478657|access-date=15 November 2014|agency=AP|publisher=Observer-Reporter|date=2 June 1990|quote=Susan Bach, marketing coordinator for Konami Inc., demonstrates the Laser Scope voice command headset, a hands-free unit for use with all Nintendo zapper games.|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308183337/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Y69dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q10NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1243%2C478657|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, ''Laser Invasion'' came with a coupon for a $5 discount for the LaserScope.<ref name="gamesniped LaserScope"/>