Editing NICAM (section)

=== Near-instantaneous companding ===
The idea was first described in 1964. In this, the 'ranging' was to be applied to the analogue signal before the [[Analog-to-digital converter|analogue-to-digital converter (ADC)]] and after the [[Digital-to-analog converter|digital-to-analogue converter (DAC)]].<ref>Bartlett, C.J.C. and Greszczuk, J. (1964), ''Companding in a p.c.m. system''. Symposium on Transmission Aspects of Communication Networks, London, IEE 1964, pp. 183–186.</ref> The application of this to broadcasting, in which the [[companding]] was to be done entirely digitally after the ADC and before the DAC, was described in a 1972 [[BBC Research]] Report.<ref>Osborne, D.W. (1972) [http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/publications/rdreport_1972_31 ''Digital sound signals: further investigation of instantaneous and other rapid companding systems''.] BBC Research Dept. Report 1972/31.</ref>