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Nasalization
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===Degree of nasality=== There are languages, such as in [[Palantla Chinantec]], where vowels seem to exhibit three contrastive degrees of nasality: oral e.g. {{IPA|[e]}} vs lightly nasalized {{IPA|[αΊ½]}} vs heavily nasalized {{IPA|[eΝ]}},<ref>{{Cite book |first=Juliette |last=Blevins |author-link=Juliette Blevins |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionaryphon00blev |title=Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780521804288 |page=[https://archive.org/details/evolutionaryphon00blev/page/n224 203] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ladefoged |first=Peter |title=Preliminaries of Linguistic Phonetics |year=1971 |page=35}}</ref> although Ladefoged and Maddieson believe that the lightly nasalized vowels are best described as oro-nasal [[diphthong]]s.{{Sfn|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=298β299}} Note that Ladefoged and Maddieson's transcription of heavy nasalization with a double tilde might be confused with the [[extIPA]] adoption of that diacritic for [[velopharyngeal frication]].
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